Summary
Summary IB CHEMISTRY NOTES - Topic 3 Periodicity (SL + HL)
- Module
- Institution
Notes for SL and HL content on IB Chemistry topic 3 (Periodicity). Sample diagrams and detailed notes included.
[Show more]
1 review
By: prishajain • 1 year ago
Seller
Follow
lenacheung
Reviews received
Content preview
IB CHEMISTRY:TOPIC 3 PERIODICITY NOTES
3.1 Periodic Table
Periodic Table Arrangement
• The periodic table is arranged into 4 blocks associated with their last orbital: s, p,
d and f
• Elements in the periodic table are arranged by increasing atomic number
• Group: A vertical column of elements
o Group number is the same as the number of valence electrons
• Period: A horizontal row of elements
o Period number is the same number of shells in the atom
o All shells except the outer shell will be full
• There is a division between metals and non-metals. Metals are on the left and non-
metals are on the right
• The farther sub-level occupied is found by the location of the element (which block it is
in):
• The location of the following families of the periodic table must be known: alkali metals,
alkali earth metals, halogens, noble gases, transition metals, lanthanides and actinoids
3.2 Periodic trends
Definitions
Atomic Radius – The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron
, Ionic Radius – The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electrons in an ion
First ionization energy – The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one
+
mole of gaseous atoms. This is shown by: 𝑋(𝑔) → 𝑋(𝑔) + 𝑒−
Electron affinity – The energy released when one mole of an electron is added to one mole
−
gaseous atoms. This is shown by: 𝑋(𝑔) + 𝑒 − → 𝑋(𝑔)
Electronegativity – A measure of the attraction an atom has for a shared pair of electrons in a
covalent bond
Trends in the Periodic Table
• Periodicity refers to repeating trends or patterns of physical and chemical properties in
elements
Atomic Radius
• Atomic radius increases down a group as the number of
electron shells increases
• Atomic radius decreases across a period
o This is because electrons are added to the same main
energy level (n=3) the nuclear charge also increases
o The attraction between the nucleus and the outer
electrons increases resulting in a smaller radius
Ionic Radius
• Ionic radius of positive ions decrease across a period as the number of protons in
the nucleus increases but the number of electrons remain the same
• Ionic radius of negative ions decrease across a period as the number of protons in
the nucleus increases but the number of electrons remains the same
Ionization energy
• Ionization energy increases across a period
• The increase in nuclear charge across a period causes an increase in the attraction
between the outer electrons and the nucleus makes the electrons more difficult to
remove
• Ionization energy decreases down a group
• The electron being removed is from the energy level furthest
from the nucleus so it gets easier to remove valence electrons as
atomic radius increases down a group
o Valence Electrons: The outermost electrons of an atom
Electron affinity
• Generally, metals have a low EA and non-metals have a
higher EA
• The greater the distance between the nucleus and the outer energy level, the weaker the
electrostatic attraction and the less energy is released when an electron is added to the
atom
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lenacheung. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £9.32. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79202 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now