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Lecture notes

Neuroscience - Lecture notes for Exam 2

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  • Module
  • Neuroscience (WBBY009)
  • Institution
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
  • Book
  • Introduction to Biopsychology, Global Edition

In this document there are the notes I made during the lectures for exam 2 from Neuroscience. These are very detailed, the examples that we don't have to study for the exam are also written down. It is very useful to study this as a replacement or refresher for the lectures.

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Document information

  • October 14, 2021
  • 93
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
  • Anton scheurink, robbert havekes en peter meerlo
  • All classes

Subjects

  • neuroscience
  • neurowetenschappen
  • hunger
  • honger
  • health
  • sleeping
  • hormones
  • sex
  • gender
  • development
  • learning
  • memory
  • circadian rhythms
  • drug addiction
  • reward system
  • pinel

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  • Introduction to Neuropsychology and Neural Development
  • Biopsychology 9th Edition By John P.J. Pinel Test Bank
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Written for

  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
  • Minor Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience (WBBY009)
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Neuroscience

Contents

Neuroscience.......................................................................................................................................1

Chapter 12 - Hunger...........................................................................................................................5

Homeostasis - body weight is maintained..................................................................................5

Metabolic and hormonal factors..................................................................................................8

Glucostatic theory.......................................................................................................................9

Lipostatic theory.......................................................................................................................10

Ischymetric theory...................................................................................................................10

Hormones..................................................................................................................................10

Fat tissue related gender differences and the reward of eating............................................14

Obesity problem and a few (in)effective treatments...............................................................17

Ghrelin........................................................................................................................................19

(In)activity and energy expenditure...........................................................................................20

Chapter 11 - Learning, memory and amnesia..............................................................................22

Medial temporal lobe damage....................................................................................................23

Central nervous system disorders - Korsakoff’s syndrome....................................................24

Korsakoff’s - brain damage after alcohol abuse...................................................................24




1

, Alzheimers disease...................................................................................................................26

Concussion.................................................................................................................................27

Memory systems...........................................................................................................................28

Morris water maze....................................................................................................................28

Fear conditioning......................................................................................................................29

Moving of memories.................................................................................................................29

Impact of sleep deprivation.........................................................................................................29

Chapter 14 - Sleep............................................................................................................................30

Characteristics of sleep...............................................................................................................30

Regulation of sleep.......................................................................................................................35

homeostatic regulation...........................................................................................................35

a clock regulating the day-night rhythm................................................................................36

systems that regulate waking and sleeping..........................................................................37

Functions of sleep.........................................................................................................................39

Sleep and memory formation.....................................................................................................42

Sleep and ageing...........................................................................................................................45

Sleep and the regulation of emotions.......................................................................................47

Sleep disturbance and depression.............................................................................................49

PTSD............................................................................................................................................49




2

, Depression.................................................................................................................................50

Chapter 15: drug use, drug addiction and the brain’s reward circuits......................................53

What is addiction?.........................................................................................................................53

DSM IV criteria of substance dependence:............................................................................53

DSM V criteria of substance dependence..............................................................................53

Reward and dopamine.................................................................................................................54

From reward towards addiction.................................................................................................56

Tolerance and conditioning.....................................................................................................58

Drug withdrawal........................................................................................................................61

Liking / wanting.........................................................................................................................65

Relapse...........................................................................................................................................69

Food, sex and reward......................................................................................................................72

Food and reward...........................................................................................................................72

Sex and reward.............................................................................................................................74

Chapter 13 - hormones and sex.....................................................................................................76

Pituitary (the neuroendocrine system)......................................................................................76

Brain oxytocin...............................................................................................................................82

Hypothalamus-pituitary-axis and Gender Development........................................................85

Gender development...............................................................................................................85




3

, Gonadol hormones...................................................................................................................91




4

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