Full summary of plant and animal kingdoms for A-level biology students. I made this resource while studying as a resource for my revision of animal and plant biology. I found it to be a very helpful and concise summary and hope it helps you in your revision!
KINGDOM PLANTAE - SYNOPTIC LINKS:(AS1)plant structure,as2-
transport in plants/features of plants/XEROPHYTES
Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic cells, connected by plasmodesmata through
cellulose walls, are photosynthetic and contain chloroplasts.
Kingdom is subdivided into phyla according to presence/absence of specialised
conducting (vascular) tissue & whether spores/seeds are means of
reproduction and dispersal.
Plants have many adaptions for life on land- differ in their effectiveness among
different divisions
1. Mosses- multicellular plants- not differentiated into true
leaves/stems/roots.
Though there are analogous structures- have ‘leaf-like’ structures-these
may only consist of a single layer of cells- have no epidermal/mesophyll
layers.
Mosses- terrestrial plants- are restricted to moist habitats where they form
ground layer in many ecosystems.
Consist of spore-producing capsule, ‘leaves’ and rhizoids (filaments of
cells).
Intolerant of pollution as pollutants have direct access to all tissues as no
cuticle.
Feature benefit Restriction
Rhizoids for Can colonise bare rock-pioneer Limited distribution to areas
anchorage plants w/water and ions close to
surface as rhizoids don’t
penetrate soils deeply.
No cuticle Water/ions directly obtained from Restricted to moist habitats
(Except in damp environment across cell walls though can survive periods of
capsule) or of all tissues dormancy in a dry state
stomata
Absence- Water/ions absorbed by all cells so Are only a few cm in height-
vascular tissue specialised conduction tissue is not support is by turgor in cells of
essential. moss.
Spores are Dispersal of moss – spores possess Spores only germinate in
single-celled tough wall, allows them to disperse moist conditions.
haploid in air without drying out.
reproductive
structures
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