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GCSE Geography Paper 4 Fieldwork past paper questions
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GCSE Geography Paper 4/Fieldwork notes
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GCSE Geography Past Paper Questions
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Explain how the students would use the thermometer to measure temperature- Read the temperatures every 24 hours at the same time
- Obtain both minimum and maximum temperatures
- Read off the bottom of each index
- Read at the eye level
- Reset indices after each reading
Why is it important to take readings at the same time of the day
- To get a fair, comparable reading
- So the results are not affected by the changes in the reading during the day
- Keeps time variable constant
Describe how the rain gauge is used to measure rainfall
- Water flows through a funnel into the jar that is placed into the collecting can within a
cylindrical casing
- The gauge is sunk into the ground so that the top is around 30cm above ground
level, (preventing the sun’s heat from evaporating the collected water and ensuring
no rain splashes up from the ground into the funnel)
- The collected rainfall is measured every 24 hours at the same time
- The water is poured into a tapered glass measure, graduated in mm
Factors to consider when choosing a site for a rain gauge
1. Open ground, clear of buildings = rain is not blocked and all of it can enter the
instrument
2. Clear of trees = to prevent interception
3. Fenced off, away from people/animals = prevent the instrument from being interfered
with
4. Instrument should be accessible = so it can be checked and emptied every day
Describe how wind speed is measured
- Use an anemometer
- Place on top of a building or hold it high up
- The cups are spun by the wind
- Look at the reading displayed on the screen
- Reading is measured in km/s
Describe how wind direction is measured
- Use a wind vane
- Wind exerts a force on the pointer
- The arrow points to the direction the wind is coming from
- The larger surface area catches the wind
- The compass points allow the direction to be worked out
Explain why the information is secondary data
- Obtained from another source
- Not collected by the students themselves
- Refined, collated data
, Reasons for change in the number of services in a settlement
- increase/decrease in population
- more/less demand for services
- Service becomes more/less profitable
- Threshold population is exceeded/not met
- Income increases/decreases
- More/less tourists
- More online shopping
Describe three factors of a good questionnaire
- Contains introduction
- Aimed at the target group
- Easy to read and answer
- Quick to carry out
- Explanation for the use of the questionnaire
- Asks for gender/age information
- No personal/offensive questions
- Contains a mixture of closed and open questions
Describe fieldwork to investigate land use
- Go and visit the area
- Use an outline map
- Colour-code different types of land use and plot them on the map
- Take photos of the developments
- Use a tally chart to count the number of buildings/shops
Three advantages of using a digital thermometer
- Give instant readings, saving time
- Easy to read
- Don’t need to know how to read a thermometer
- Accurate readings
- Less chance of human error
- Easy to carry around
- Data can be stored and downloaded to an electronic device
- Less fragile than the actual instruments
Reasons why temperature varies in different sites in a city square
- Presence of shade, reducing temperature
- Heat from buildings increases temperature
- Tarmac increases temperature
Reasons why wind speed/direction varies in different sites in a city square
- Gaps between buildings increase speed
- Obstacles slow down wind
- Wind swirls around buildings, changing direction
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