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Summary Regional disparities
regional disparities within countries, sectoral shifts, quick study notes
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GEOGRAPHY - Regional disparitiesPROGRAM:
1.3 Regional disparities within countries
• Regional inequality
• Regional disparities in social and economic development.
> Examine the causes of regional inequalities within countries.
• The concept of core–periphery on a national scale.
> Examine the reasons for the development of an economic core within countries.
• The process of cumulative causation from initial advantage(s), spread and backwash effects
> Evaluate the success of strategies used to deal with regional inequality.
• The management of regional development and development strategies.
• Case study: candidates must study one country’s regional development policy, its regional disparities,
some of the difficulties faced in trying to overcome these disparities and evaluate the attempted solutions.
Regional disparities: regional inequalities within a country in terms of prosperity, employment, access
to medical care and infrastructures for example. There are regional disparities in every country that is
developed or developing.
4 types of regions (Friedmann, 1966)
● core : metropolitan centre, high potential for growth and innovation
● upward transition regions : growth spreads over small centres
● resource frontier regions : peripheral zones of new settlement
ex : commuting areas (see urbanisation)
● downward transition regions : declining because of exhaustion of materials or industrial change
ex : rust belt in USA
= core/periphery: this model describes the structural relationship between the advanced or
metropolitan "core" and a less developed "periphery", either within a particular country, or to the
relationship between capitalist and developing societies.
● Periphery (LEDC or NIC) primary and secondary sectors (less dev. countries)
MANUFACTURING
● Core (MEDC) tertiary and quaternary sectors. However the majority of investmt in R&D stay in
home country
eg of core-periphery on a national scale : USA, Brazil, China, Mexico (bac blanc DBQ), UK, South Africa
> USA (Tobin) : https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7jfheO_G-rfd1pLLU9VczA3RFE/view?usp=drive_web
> China (Tobin) https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7jfheO_G-rfRmc4eXpnMzVuOE0/view?usp=drive_web
coastal china: condensed population and development: SEZs, economic center/capital: Shanghai, politic
center/capital: Beijing: Tibet: no SEZs, no centers, sparsely populated.
> Brazil (Tobin)https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7jfheO_G-rfVDNUZkNBWU1JZ0E/view?usp=drive_web
cumulative causation (G.Myrdal, 1956) : changes in one aspect of a region lead to changes in other
aspects (multiplier effect)
eg : building a factory = working force + suppliers + facilities for workers = new factories..
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