Essay example of unit 2 AC1.1. This is analysing the different types of white collar crime and examples of crimes that fit into each category! I received a B for this exam so it’s definitely worth it!
White collar crime is defined to be a non- violent crime committed for financial gain typically
by businesses. Everyone commits a white collar crime in their lifetime. Sutherland refers to
white collar crime being “offences committed by middle-class individuals who abuse their
work positions within organisations for personal gain at the expense of organization and\or
clients to the organisation”. The three types of white collar crime occupational, corporate and
organised.
Occupational crime tends to be the employee against the employer. Crimes that can happen
during their time at work can be embezzlement and fraud. In this case the offender would be
the employee and the victim would be the employer. One case, Ditton and Mars found that
whilst people are in employment they found many employees thought it was okay to steal
things from their workplace. If there was someone to steal thousands of pounds then this
would have a huge impact on the business and eventually make it collapse causing workers
to have unemployment and debt would have to be paid off eventually.
Corporate crime is the opposite of occupational crime and this tends to be those who are
higher up in social class committing this type of crime illegally for their own benefit. For
example, Bernie madoff used a ponzi scheme which lured investors out of over 20 million
dollars. These investors trusted him as his returns were high and he claimed to have used a
legitimate strategy. In this case madoff was the offender and the investors were the victim.
The Ponzi scheme Bernie used went on for nearly 20 years but eventually got caught in
December 2008 with 11 counts of fraud, money laundering, perjury and theft. A study found
that those who were affected by madoff were 40 percent more likely to go out of business
which then leads to them being unemployed, struggling for money.
Organised crime is crimes which are organised by enterprises such as gangs. One example
of an organised crime are the ‘Kray twins’ reggie and Ronnie kray. Who were involved with
murders, arson, assaults, protection rackets and robbery. Their gang was also known as ‘the
firm’ which Reggie was in charge of. On the 8th of may 1968 both Kray twins were arrested
by Leonard read also known as the ‘nipper’ and convicted in 1969. Both Kray twins died of a
heart attack in 1995 and Reggie died in his sleep in 2000 due to a cancer diagnosis in his
bladder. In this case, the Kray twins were the offenders and those who were assaulted,
murdered or harmed by them were the victims. This impacted individuals and society
because it wasn’t safe in London and no one felt safe as they were committing these crimes
for a while.
A moral crime is behaviour between two adults who have consented in doing something.
This crime is also known to be a victimless crime which is seen as highly deviant. One
example of a moral crime is prostitution. Prostitutuin is where two consensual individuals are
engaging in a sexual activity. This activity is done for personal or financial gain to benefit
themselves.
In Holbeck, leeds prostitution was made legal as an experiment to see how many individuals
would get involved. Up to 30 women worked in the area between 7pm-7am. Because this
was made legalised those who lived in the area did not want to go near to the area where
this was happening. Individuals who were not involved in this crime were disturbed and
, concerned that there was things like prostitution happening right where they live. There are
lots of risks to becoming a prostitute such as getting hurt as the person you have consented
to to commit these sexual activities are potentially a stranger. Mostly, the reason for
individuals to engage with this sort of activity is because they are addicted to drugs and their
brains don't function properly like those who do not do drugs. Also, it is known that those
who are addicted to drugs and work as prositutes are struggling for money, that is why they
get into prostitution becasue then they get money for it. On average, prostitutes earn around
£2000 maybe more a week. After this experiment was carried out Leeds council said the
number of set workers hasn't changed. Many disagreed on this statement as there surely
was a little more of this activity going around which may not have been recorded.
Another example that links to moral crime is Amy Winehouse and what happened to her.
Amy wine house was a drug and alcohol addict. Because of the amount of alcohol she
consumed she died of alcohol poisoning in July 2011. Amy was addicted to drugs and
alcohol and was a heavy smoker. Amy was sent to rehab several times before her death. It
is known that those with drug addiction and are wanting to be put in rehab will have to wait
some time before that, almost a year. Crimes are committed by drug addicts intentionally so
they can get into rehab quicker.
Prostition is known to be a victimless crime because there are no victims involved as two
people are giving consent and are willing to do this act no matter what the consequences
are. Both participants involved in the act are offenders as they are both committing this
illegal act. Prostitution legalised in a particular area may make others feel uncomfortable
living within this area as they know there are many individuals out there who they may not
know or know commit this act. Prostitution is a difficult one to record becasue this act can be
done by anyone, anywhere even if the area is stated illegal to do so.
State crime is defined to be “State institutions bodies and organisations comprising the
apparatus of the government.” (ross 2000) Examples of states include; NHS, police, the
government etc. State crimes are seen to be illegal and deviant.
An example of a state crime is The holocaust which is a mass sophisticated genocide and
this is famously known to be one of the most horific time in history. The Holocaust was lead
by Nazi Germany and named from the Greek words “holos” meaning whole and “kaustos”
meaning burned. 6-8 million jews were being murdered, starved, experimented on in the
concentration camps because they had a different religion, which was jewish and the
germans did not like jewish people as they were seen to be an ‘inferior race’. Imprisoners
were experimented on without consent and painfully sometimes even causing death. Twins
were very popular to experiment as the Nazis were ‘obsessed’ with twins. If one twin was
better than their sibling then they're most likely to be taken to experiment on by the Nazis.
The typical offender in this case is the Nazis, those who work within the group to kill jews
etc. The victims are all the jews who were starved, killed and experimented on also
potentially the families who lost their family due to this although they may not have been
involved they still lost something close to them. It is hard to record all dates and events
which occurred during this time as no one was there to record everything which was going
on. Although the survivors do share their stories as to what happened that is where most of
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