Pearson Baccalaureate Chemistry Higher Level 2nd Edition Print and Online Edition for the IB Diploma
Everything you need to help you with Chemistry chapter 3. These notes are perfectly summarized and organized in subtopic. Includes a compilation of information from the textbook, study guides, class notes and other IB resources. Super easy to read and a great amount of information to help you ace ...
Non-metals
● Conductors
● Brittle
● Non lustrous
Metalloids
● Solid at room temperature
● Semiconductors
● Has metallic and non metallic properties
Periodic trends
Effective nuclear charge: The net positive charge experience by an electron
in an atom
- Increases across a period
- Decreases down a group
Atomic radius: Half the distance between the nuclei of two covalently
bonded atoms
- Decreases across a period
- Increases down a group
Ionic radius: The distance between the nucleus and valence electrons in an
ion
- Cations have a smaller ionic radius than their atomic radius
- Anions have a larger ionic radius than their atomic radius
, - Decreases across a period
- Increases down a group
Ionization energy: Minimum amount of energy needed to remove one mol
of electron from an atom in its gaseous state
- Increases across a period
- Decreases down a group
Electron affinity: The energy change when one mol of electron is added to
an atom in its gaseous state
- 1st electron affinity is exothermic
- 2nd electron affinity is endothermic
- Increases across a period
- Decreases down a group
Electronegativity: Ability of a nucleus to attract a pair of covalently bonded
electrons
- Increases across a period
- Decreases down a group
Melting point across period 3
● Melting point depends on the structure and bonding
● Na, Mg and Al = metallic bonding (increases across a period)
● Si = Giant covalent bonding
● P, S, Cl, Ar = Weak intermolecular forces (London dispersion,
increases with increasing molar mass)
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