Summary
Summary Psychology 16 Marker Revision - Structure of Neurons
- Module
- Biopsychology
- Institution
- AQA
16 Marker Template including all information about the topic (plus synaptic transmission, Studies and Evaluation points.)
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SECTION: Structure of Neurons + NeurotransmittersTOPIC: Biopsychology
KEY IDEAS (K/U)
1. Neurons – nerve cells that are specialised to process and transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle,
or gland cells.
Sensory neuron = receives information from the sense organs (eyes/ears/tongue), carrying them from
the PNS to the CNS – detects stimuli
Motor neuron = passes messages from the CNS to effectors (muscles and gland) which causes the body
to respond
Relay neuron = allows the sensory and motor neurons to communicate , it is wholly in the CNS, they
allow for fast reactions
2. Afferent Neuron = transmits signals to the CNS (sensory)
3. Efferent Neuron = transmits signals away from the CNS to the effectors (motor)
Cell Body = the control centre if the neuron, contains the nucleus
Dendrite = connected to the cell body, receives signals from other neurons
Axon = long fibre carrying impulses away from the body, towards the axon terminal
Myelin Sheath = protects and insulates the axon, speeds up transmission as impulses jump
between gaps
Axon terminal = area of the nerve which makes synaptic connections-communicates with the next
neuron
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