Lecture notes
Thrombotic Disorders
- Module
- Blood Science (6H5Z1003)
- Institution
- Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)
Lecture notes on Thrombotic Disorders
[Show more]
Content preview
Haemostasis and ThrombosisThrombophilia
- The term thrombophilia is used to describe inherited or acquired disorders of haemostatic mechanisms which
predispose to thrombosis
Thrombosis
- Thrombosis is the pathological formation of a ‘haemostatic plug’ within the vasculature
- Clinically this can result in ischemia from local vascular occlusion of distal embolization
- Thrombi can form in both arteries and veins
- Arterial thrombosis can lead to myocardial infarction or stroke
- Venous thrombosis often presents as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary
embolism (PE)
Arterial Thrombosis
- Arterial thrombosis typically forms under high shear conditions and are “platelet rich” in a fibrin mesh (so-called
white thrombus)
- Often associated with atherosclerosis
- Can lead to MI or stroke
- Risk factors include:
- Positive family history
- Previous MI or stroke
- Hyperlipidaemia
- Hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
- Smoking
- Polycythaemia
- Mechanism similar to that of primary haemostasis
- Damage to the blood vessel wall caused by rupture of atherosclerotic plaque
- Platelets are the main driving force and main component of arterial thrombosis
- Antiplatelet drugs (eg aspirin) are therefore the drug of choice in prevention of
myocardial infarction and stroke
Venous Thrombosis
- Venous thrombi are referred to as ‘red thrombus’ and consist of red blood cells
trapped in a fibrin mesh
- The major manifestation of venous thrombosis are deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and
pulmonary embolism (PE)
- Venous thrombosis occurs through inappropriate activation of the coagulation
cascade
- The drugs of choice for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE)
are therefore anticoagulants
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
- Can affect any branch of the venous circulation
- Venous thromboembolism (VTE) —Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) —Pulmonary embolism (PE)
, - DVT affects 0.1% of persons per year
- VTE presents as DVT in 2/3 cases
- UK death rate from VTE ~60,000 pa
VTE Risk Factors
- Surgery
- Immobility
- Cancer
- Prior VTE
- Age— Patients older than 40 years are at higher risk, and that risk doubles with each subsequent decade.
- Obesity--- 2x the risk of VTE as people with normal weight, and the higher the weight, the higher the risk.
- Oral Contraceptives or estrogen treatment for menopause symptoms
- Family history of VTE--- especially if this is in a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, child)
- Physical inactivity
- Pregnancy
- Genetic blood conditions that affect clotting
Causes of Thrombophilia
Naturally occurring inhibitors of coagulation
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller polinalobacheva. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
66475 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now