Lecture notes
Gene expression in Eukaryotes
- Institution
- The Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU)
Lecture notes on Gene expression in Eukaryotes
[Show more]
Content preview
Central Dogma of Life:1. DNA replication
2. Transcription
3. Translation
1. DNA replication
- DNA is copied copied DNA replication in the
nucleus
- From 5’ → 3’ end
- DNA Polymerase
2. Transcription (RNA synthesis) (DNA → mRNA)
a. Step 1: initiation
b. Step 2: Elongation
c. Step 3: Termination
d. RNA polymerase
- Processing of primary mRNA into mature mRNA in
the nucleus
- mRNAs are used to convey genetic information from
the nucleus to cytoplasm (translation).
3. Translation (mRNA → protein)
a. Initiation
b. Elongation
c. Termination
- The synthesis of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
, - All organisms must regulate which genes are expressed at any given time
- Genes are turned on and off in response to signals from their external and internal environments
- In multicellular organisms, all cells contain an identical genome
- Differential gene expression is what makes a nerve cell different from a muscle cell. Regulation of gene expression
is essential for cell specialisation and ‘proper’ cell function
Key stages at which gene expression may be regulated include:
Regulation of Gene Expression: Chromatin
- Chromatin is a complex of equal parts of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes
- The nucleosome (beads) is the fundamental subunit of chromatin
- 8 protein molecules (histones)
- Positively charged AAs bind to negatively charged DNA
- Chromatin could be heterochromatin or euchromatin
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller polinalobacheva. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
57413 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now