Lecture notes
History iGCSE Edexcel - Cold War
- Module
- History
- Institution
- Godalming College, Godalming
Lecture notes of 8 pages for the course History at Godalming College, Godalming
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By: amy_mcamara • 8 year ago
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HISTORY REVISION NOTES - THE COLD WAR 1945-1989
CAUSES:
THE ALLIANCE:
Between the USA, USSR & BR
Based on a Common Enemy – Germany
IDEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES between Communism and Capitalism
Communism Capitalism
1 party state Democracy
State-owned industry Privately-owned industry
Complete equality Independent freedom
LED TO:
Suspicion
Lack of trust
Hatred
Competition
COLD WAR – a war with no fighting
FOUGHT VIA:
Spying
Propaganda
Arms Races
The Space Race
Loans & Aid
CONFERENCES:
YALTA – February 1945
Who: Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill
Why: to decide how to rebuild Europe
Agreements:
To divide Germany and Berlin into 4 sections: BR, FR, USA & USSR
To punish war criminals
Disagreements:
Poland – Stalin wanted more of it
Reparations – Stalin wanted to cripple
- BR & FR didn’t want a repeat of the T of V
End of the war no common enemies
POTSDAM – July 1945
Who: Stalin, Truman, and Atlee
Agreed:
1
, To demilitarize Germany
Ban the Nazi party – hold free elections in Germany
Reparations
o Equipment/materials to allies
o ¼ of western goods to Soviet Union in exchange for food and coal
from the Soviet Union
Disagreed:
Free elections for Eastern Europe
USA tested atomic bomb – USSR unimpressed
IRON CURTAIN SPEECH
- Churchill description of the huge divide of the east and west of Europe
post WWI
CHURCHILL’s FEARS:
Soviet may have control over STARLIN’s REACTION
the whole of eastern Europe Wants Eastern Europe to be
E. Europe may become loyal to him
communist Using Eastern Europe as a
No permanent peace buffer zone
SATELLITE STATES
- A country which is officially independent but in reality controlled by
another country
- In this case Russia was controlling eastern Europe
POLAND
1945 – Free election = HUNGARY
coalition 1945 – Free Elections =
1947 – “Free Election” = communists lost
communist 1947 – “Free Elections” =
Opposition were executed etc. communists won
Imprisoned opposition
BULGARIA
1944 – a coalition CZECHOSLAVKIA
1945 – “Free Elections” = 1945 – Free Elections =
communist coalition
Opposition executed etc. 1946 – mainly communist
1948 – communism
ROMANIA threatened used the army
1945 – coalition to take over by force
1945 – communist PM Opposition was arrested,
1947 – complete communist imprisoned and executed
2
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