Fundamentals of Database Management Systems.
The basic meaning of Fundamental is a central or primary rule or principle on
which something is based. So Database Fundamentals introduces database and
relational database concepts, like tables, data types, data selection, views, stored
procedures, functions, normalization, constraints, indexes, security, backup and
restore. Data in a db can be added, deleted, changed, sorted or searched all using a
DBMS
Example usage of DataBase Management System;
Membership and subscription mailing lists
Personal records
Library Information
Evolution of Database Management System.
The conception of a database breathed long before computers. In these
times, data was stored in journals,… and in hundreds of filing cabinets. Everything
was recorded via paper and that meant it took up space, was hard to find, and
ticklish to back up. And then computers became available, and with them, the
chance for better data management.
1960s, Navigational DBMS
As computers grew in speed and capability, a number of general-purpose
database systems emerged; Charles Bachman designed the first computerized
database in the early 1960s and it was known as Integrated Data Store (IDS) and IBM
also had their own DBMS in 1966, known as Information Management System (IMS).
Both databases were forerunners of the ‘navigational database’. There were two
main models of this: the hierarchical model, and also the network model.
, 1970s, Relational DBMS
E.F Codd was an English computer scientist who, while working for IBM and
He was unhappy with the navigational model. In 1970, he wrote a number of papers
and release his paper “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks”. This
paper coined the term ‘relational database’ at the start of the decade, and sparked
evolution of this new way to keep and access data. Codd's idea was to organize the
data as a number of "tables"; one or more columns of each table were designated as
a primary key and queries would join tables based on these key relationships. Virtual
tables called views could present the data in different ways for different users, but
views could not be directly updated and relational databases would be searchable.
They would also be more space-effective, meaning reduced data depository costs.
Late 1970s, SQL DBMS
Two major relational database system prototypes were created between the
generations 1974 and 1977, and that they were the Ingres, Ingres was evolved at
UBC and System R; used a query language known as QUEL, and it directed to the
innovation of systems alike as Ingres Corp, MS SQL Server, Sybase, and Britton-Lee.
On the different way, System R used the SEQUEL query language, and it contributed
to the evolution of SQL/ DS, Oracle, andNon-Stop SQL. It was also in this decade that
RDBMS, became a recognized term. Larry Ellison's Oracle started from a different
chain, based on IBM's documents on SystemR. Though Oracle V1 implementations
were finished in 1978, it was not until Oracle Version 2 when Ellison beat IBM to
market in 1979.
1980s, on the desktop
The 1980s showed in the age of desktop computing. Structured Query
Language became the standard query language. The new computers empowered
their users with spreadsheets like Lotus 1-2-3 and database software like dBASE; C.
