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Summary English Home Language Notes
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DETAILED NOTES ON ALL LANGUAGE TOPICS COVERED: - Parts of speech - Active and Passive voice - Critical Literacy - Textual editing
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ENGLISH NOTESOverview of SQA:
1. Length of quotes:
Ensure the quote is not too short (one or two words), unless its specifically asked for
it, specific two words or a title.
Ensure the quote is not too long (1 ½ lines).
Quotes must be integrated into the answer.
2. Analysis:
Explain how the quote answers the question.
Relate quote directly back to question.
Explain what diction/connotations of the quote means in detail.
Question Words
• Discuss/Explain/Show how/Explore…
Providing a brief description of a point and then offer proof.
• Provide a definition for…
Explain in your own words/use synonyms.
• Justify/Motivate/Find evidence of…
SQA: try find a description of an action or an opinion.
• Evaluate/Judge/Judge to what extent…
Explore both side but you need to be more for one side than the other. Weigh up the
merits and faults of different perspectives of an issue in order to demonstrate a
balance conclusion.
1. Give your stance a reason.
2. Dismiss one side.
3. Explain the viewpoint you support and give proof.
• Argue…
Only one side is made valid
1. Give only one viewpoint the question asks.
2. Proof.
• Debate…
Explore both sides equally
1. SQA for one side of the argument.
2. SQA for the other side of the argument.
3. Explain your stance and give reasoning in your own words.
,• In your own words/opinion…
No quotes allowed. Give an explanation that shows you have a clear understanding
of the matter. Use synonyms for the words in the passage.
• Comment on the effectiveness of…(linked to TEC)
1. Explain the effect/connotations of a language choice/image.
2. Say what it emphasises about the content.
*When unsure, go with that it is effective as it is easier to prove*
• Compare and contrast…
Compare – look at similarities.
Contrast – look at differences.
• Suggest…
Give a possible reason and proved some kind of proof supporting your argument
(quote).
• Critically evaluate/discuss/challenge…
Find a way to criticise the viewpoint given and offer an alternative view.
1. State the viewpoint given with proof.
2. Offer a analysis in your own words.
• What is implied...
Explain the deeper meaning of a statement in a text.
• How does _____ reinforce (strengthen/support) _____.
How does the language choice/literary device help express something important
about a part of the content? i.e How does the diction reinforce the mood…?
Use this structure:
1. First describe the content – big idea/message/main idea e.g. mood/central
argument.
2. Then describe how the language use/detail – reinforce this. SQA: you must use
questions words back in your answer to keep on target.
• Why might “X” be more important than “Y”?
Use this structure:
1. Explain “Y” (SQA).
2. Explain “X” (SQA).
3. Therefore…(come to a conclusion about why the description/language
device/idea is more powerful or appropriate (use your own words)).
,Select, Quote, Analyse:
Diction
Definition: Effect of choice of words.
The question will ask, the effect of diction on a particular aspect of the text.
EG. How does the diction create a particular mood? / What does the diction tell us about
the writer’s attitude?
Answering technique:
1. Quote the words selected.
2. Explain the meaning of / give the synonyms for the diction identified.
3. Explain the connotations of the diction (name and explain what ideas the diction
makes you think whether it is positive or negative).
4. Link your discussion directly back to the particular question.
Diction in the title
Definition: Choice of words in the title. Creating an effect, usually an emotion on the reader.
How does the diction in the title encourage you to approach the article?
Answering Technique:
The diction in the title encourages me to approach the article in a/an (adjective) and
(adjective) way because (reason in your own words – be general).
The words ‘quote’ *linking word* (explain why the quote made you feel that (adjective)
and (adjective) way mentioned above & what does the quote make you think will
happen?)
Diction of words
Definition: how does the certain word change the meaning of the sentence.
How would the sentence change if you replaced ‘word’ with ‘other word’?
Answering technique:
‘Word’ has connotations of (adjective) and (adjective), whereas the ‘other word’ has
connotations of (adjective) and (adjective)
Therefore by using ‘other word’ (give the reasoning how the word changes the sentence –
be general).
, Attitude
Definition: the way the writer feels.
How does the speaker’s/writer’s diction reflect their attitude towards (subject matter)?
Answering technique:
The speaker’s/writer’s attitude towards (subject matter) is (adjective) and (adjective)
because (give reasoning to choice of adjectives – must be general.
The words ‘quote’ *linking word* (how do these words show the author feels?)
Positioning
Definition: the reader’s/writer’s/speaker’s/audience’s position in the way he/she feels
towards a subject matter. I.e his/her point of view of subject matter.
Definition: this reader’s/writer’s/speaker’s/audience’s position relates to his/her position of
authority.
How is the writer/reader/speaker/audience positioned in a particular way?
How does the diction position the writer/reader/speaker/audience?
Answering technique:
The diction in the extract positions us to view…/ The writer/reader/speaker/audience is
positioned in a/an (adjective) and (adjective) way because (give reasoning in your own
words – must be general).
The words ‘quote’ linking word (explain the quote proving the position).
Register
- Formal: proper gramma, punctuation, sophisticated vocabulary.
- Informal: casual conversation, slang, everyday words.
What is the register used?
Answering technique:
The register used is formal/informal as the audience of this text is (adjective) and
(adjective) / to create a mood of (adjective) and (adjective) because (explain the
adjectives being used – be more general)
The words ‘quotes’ linking word (explain how these words are formal/informal).
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