100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Summary Apoptosis revision notes £5.49   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU)
  4.  
  5. Liverpool John Moores University
  6.  
  7. Cancer (6104BCBMOL)

Summary

Summary Apoptosis revision notes
 1 view  0 purchase

Revision notes based on apoptosis. Explanation of pathway including several diagrams. Ways in which apoptosis can be changed in cancer discussed and references to compliment.

Preview 2 out of 5  pages

Document information

  • February 7, 2022
  • 5
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

Written for

All documents for this subject (6)

Seller

avatar-seller
phoebe1

Content preview

Apoptosis



Intrinsic pathway

Initiation- withdrawal of growth factors or IL-2, increased levels of oxidants, damage to DNA, death
activators such as TNF-α, lymphotoxin (TNF-β) and Fas ligand (FasL) (intracellular stress signals) -
Accumulation of p53 = PUMA (The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis)

Permeability of OMM - following pro-apoptotic treatment of accumulated stress, by promoting the
expression (or activation) of BH3 only proteins - BH3-only proteins bind to and inhibit the anti-
apoptotic BCL-2 proteins eg. bad, bim, bid, noxa, PUMA (PUMA inhibits Bcl2 repertoire) and pro-
apoptotic proteins are activated to permeabilise the OMM through the process of MOMP in which
pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins are recruited to OMM – BAX/BAK (BH123 proteins) oligomerise to form
pores in the OMM facilitating the release of cytochrome C.

Apaf1/Caspase activation – cytochrome C activates Apaf-1 by hydrolyses of bound dATP to dADP.
Apaf-1 undergoes a conformational change allowing it to bind to pro-caspase 9 via CARD (caspase
recruitment domain) forms an apoptosome of Apaf-1 – pro-caspase 9 is recruited and activated –
caspase 9 cleaves and thereby activates executioner pro-caspases.

Caspases (cysteine proteases) cleave the cytoskeleton and activate DNAses and other enzymesDNA
breaks into 50- to 300-kilobase pieces; further broken into multiples of 200 base pairs by
endonucleases (Ca++ and Mg++)- demonstrated as a “ladder pattern” on agarose gel; also proteases.
Phosphatidylserine is exposed and attracts macrophages with little “collateral damage”.

Caspases cleave cytoskeletal and nuclear matrix proteins and result in DNA cleavage into fragments
giving “DNA Ladder pattern” by agarose gel electrophoresis

,

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller phoebe1. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £5.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£5.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart