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Unit 10 Sociological Perspectives Coursework Distinction Work
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Unit 10: Sociological Perspective – Learning Outcome CI have been asked to produce a report that evaluates the role of sociological perspectives, models,
and concepts of health, in relation to service provision in a health and social care setting within my
local area - as part of my interview to study Sociology at university. This will be my second report;
and within this report I will be evaluating the sociological explanations for patterns and trends of
health and ill health in two different social groups; social class and race & ethnic or national origin. I
will also be evaluating how demographic data is used within a selected health and social care setting,
to reduce social inequalities which affect my selected groups; social class and race & ethnic or
national origin. In this assignment I will be examining how social inequalities, demographic change
and patterns and trends affect health and social care delivery. I will be explaining inequalities
affecting different groups in society. I will also be analysing the impact of social inequality on
different groups in society. Social inequality is defined as the existence of unequal opportunities and
rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. Social inequality refers to
the unequal distribution of: resources such as power, wealth and income, opportunities (related, for
instance, to health, education, and employment).
People experience inequality in terms of: social class, race & ethnic or national origin, age, sex,
disability, sexual orientation, and region. These different social groups experience inequalities
through: stereotyping, prejudices, labelling, attitudes, discrimination, and marginalisation. Prejudices
are preconceived opinions or fixed attitudes about a social group that are not based on reason or
evidence. Disadvantaged groups in society often become the subject of prejudice. Stereotyping is a
term closely linked to the concept of prejudice. Stereotypes are a fixed image or view of a social
group that ignores individual differences, for example, all unemployed people are lazy and do not
want to work. Stereotyping defines a group, such as immigrants or older people, as if they all share
the same characteristics and ignores their individual differences. Labelling is applying the
stereotypical view of a particular group and ignoring individual differences. Discrimination is treating
individuals or a social group in a different way to other individuals or groups, e.g., treating members
of a particular racial group less favourably than other people. Marginalisation is when a group of
people are discriminated against and prevented from enjoying equal rights or accessing services in
society. Marginalised individuals in society may feel very excluded such as immigrants. Attitudes are
fixed beliefs or ways of looking at issues. Social inequality affects different social groups in different
ways meaning that each group in society has a different experience when it comes to social
inequalities. Social inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different
social positions or statuses within a group or society. This can involve groups such as men and
women, high class and working-class people, religion, ethnicity, gender, and age.
In modern British society, social class, gender, race, and age are all factors that contribute to
inequality. Intersectionality is characterised as the nuanced, cumulative manner in which the results
of various types of oppression (such as racism, sexism, and classism) converge, overlap, or interact in
marginalized individuals' or groups' experiences. Health may be assessed and verified using
pathological and medical tests, which are normally observed by physicians or measured using
instruments. Blood pressure, temperature, X-ray, and tumour sizes are examples of disease
measurements. Health inequality must be recognised, and the major areas of health inequalities are
disease prevalence, health outcomes, and access to care. Morbidity and death rates, adverse
accidents, disease incidence, and disease prevalence are all factors in determining one's health.
Mortality rates apply to the causes of mortality, or the causes of death. The number of individuals
who have a certain illness over a given time span is referred to as morbidity rates. These patterns
can be compared over time to see whether they have improved or decreased. They can also be
compared across various dimensions, such as social class and gender/sex. The number of new cases
of a disease that arise in a given amount of time is known as disease incidence. The number of cases
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, Unit 10: Sociological Perspective – Learning Outcome C
of a disease at any given time is known as disease prevalence. Epidemiological evidence is used to
describe trials, trends, causes, and consequences of health and illness conditions in specific
populations.
The two social groups I will be choosing to write about are: social class and sex/gender. Health
inequalities are differences in health status that are driven by inequalities in society. Lifestyle,
material wealth, academic attainment, work stability, living conditions, psychosocial tension,
discrimination, and health care are all factors that influence one's health. Health differences are the
result of these causes compounding over time; they may be passed on across generations due to
parental effects on baby and child growth. Inequalities exist in our world. Staff in the healthcare field
must be aware of the gaps that threaten their patients' health and well-being. Health and care
providers can better address the needs of all service users by understanding which types of service
users are more vulnerable to poor health and social deprivation, as well as the reasons for this.
There is evidence that fitness and disease habits differ by social class. The word "social class" is
described differently by various sociologists. A simple concept of social class, on the other hand, is a
societal distinction dependent on social and economic standing. Despite the difficulty in defining
class and differing perspectives on its continued significance in our culture, there is overwhelming
evidence that there is difference in health and welfare by social group, and especially by social class,
in: the prevalence of ill health or morbidity, and life expectancy. While figures should be used with
caution, there is evidence that members of the higher social classes live longer and have poorer
health than members of the lower social groups, and that the disparities are much larger if
individuals from any of these groups are still bad. The Black Report (1980) and the Acheson Report
(1998) are two of the most important articles that look at the causes behind this disparity. The
relationships between social and environmental influences and fitness, disease, and life expectancy
are detailed and comprehensively explained in these studies.
The Black Report detailed the degree to which illness and mortality was unequally spread among the
British population, implying that these disparities have widened rather than narrowed since the
National Health Service was established in 1948. The report found that these differences were
caused by a variety of other social inequalities affecting health, including wages, schooling, housing,
diet, welfare, and working conditions. As a result, the Report proposed a broad approach of social
policy initiatives to address health inequalities. The then-Secretary of State for Social Welfare
effectively disowned these conclusions and recommendations, and only a few copies of the Report
were printed, allowing few people to read it. The Black Report is a significant text that needs
widespread consideration and discussion. The purpose of this review and commentary is to make
the facts, claims, findings, and suggestions more available. The explanations given in this research
have had a huge impact, and sociologists are still using them to examine and understand these
topics today. In 1998, the international investigation into health inequality report (Acheson report)
was published. The inquiry's goal was to help shape the government's public health agenda and, in
particular, to contribute to the upcoming white paper, "Our Healthier Nation." The Acheson study
represents an incentive to use its power and resources to ensure that government policy, science,
and child health programs are geared toward mitigating the additional risk of illness and mortality
put on children as a result of insecurity in the home.
The Black Report looked at four different explanations for why different social groups had different
levels of disease and life expectancy. The researchers were convinced that differences in health and
happiness were a result of people's wages, housing quality, and the atmosphere in which they lived
and worked. The statistical artefact explanation is described as a measurement phenomenon that
occurs when social class and/or health are (inadequately) measured, or when the relationship
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