A comprehensive digital summary of all of module 5 section 3 (Animal Response) from Biology OCR A level. Includes questions, out of spec knowledge, and labelled diagrams. It includes ALL the definitions you need to know for this chapter. The document is well formatted to ease studying, and is easil...
Nervous
system
flowchart:
Describe the -Brain + spinal cord
central nervous -Contains grey matter
(non-myelinated)
system (CNS): -Contains white
(x3) matter (myelinated)
Describe the -Motor + sensory
peripheral neurones
-Neurones carry
nervous impulses into/out
system: (x2) of CNS
Describe the -Voluntary
-Carries impulses from
somatic CNS to skeletal muscle
nervous -Contains myelinated
neurones
system: (x4) -1 neurone in pathway
, -Self-governing (involuntary)
Describe the -Carries impulses from CNS to
cardiac/smooth muscle/glands
autonomic -Contains non-myelinated
neurones
nervous -At least 2 neurones
(connected at ganglion) in
system: (x4) pathway to effectors
1) Stimulus
2) Sensory neurone in cornea
Go through the detect stimulus + transmit AP
along relay neurone in brain
blinking/corneal 3) Relay neurone transmits AP
to motor neurone = causes
reflex: (x3) orbicularis oculi muscles to
contract = eyelid blinks
-Protective reflex
Describe the -Cranial reflex =
blinking/corneal passes through
reflex: (x2) brain but not
conscious parts
Compare -Active in stress + exercise / sleep + relaxation
-Noradrenaline / acetylcholine
sympathetic + -Many nerves out of CNS to separate effector /
few nerves out of CNS dividing to different
parasympathetic effector
-Ganglia just outside CNS / ganglia inside
effector
nervous systems: -Short pre-ganglionic neurones / long
-Increases heart rate, dilates pupils, increases
(x6) ventilation rate / (antagonistic)
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