colored) is seen. Heart rhythm disturbances, along with congestive heart
failure, are major life-threatening complications related to cardiac iron
overload.
Question 3. Question : In hemolytic anemia, jaundice occurs only when
erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen.
heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and
excrete bilirubin.
the patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST)
and alanine transaminase (ALT).
the erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin.
Explanation: Jaundice (icterus) is present when heme destruction exceeds the
liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin.
Question 4. Question : Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes?
, Folic acid
Hemolytic
Iron deficiency
Pernicious
Explanation: The microcytic-hypochromic anemias, which include iron deficiency anemia
(IDA), are characterized by erythrocytes that are abnormally small and
contain abnormally reduced amounts of hemoglobin.
Question 5. Question : A woman complains of chronic gastritis, fatigue, weight loss, and
tingling in her fingers. Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin
and hematocrit levels, and a high mean corpuscular volume. These
findings are consistent with _____ anemia.
folate deficiency
pernicious
iron deficiency
aplastic
Explanation: Gastric atrophy commonly occurs in the presence of type A chronic gastritis
and may be autoimmune. Autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells are
, frequently observed. When the hemoglobin level in the blood has decreased
significantly (7 to 8 gdl), the individual experiences the classic symptoms of
anemia—weakness, fatigue, paresthesias of the feet and fingers, difficulty in
walking, loss of appetite, abdominal pains, and weight loss.
Question 6. Question : What is the pathophysiologic process of aplastic anemia?
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated
cytotoxic T cells
Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated
proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated
immunoglobulins
Inherited genetic disorder with recessive X-linked
transmission
Explanation: Most cases of AA result from an autoimmune disease directed against
hematopoietic stem cells. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells) appear to be the
main culprits.
Question 7. Question : Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the
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