Description of typical and provided examples, Atypical development and developmental psychopathology and various causes such as prenatal and foetal alcohol syndrome are discussed.
What is typical?
There are some developmental milestones.
These emerge over time.
They are building blocks for growth and continued learning (development).
Building Blocks
E.g.,
Cognition (thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, understanding).
Language (expressive and receptive abilities).
Emotional development (communication, bonding).
Motor development (gross/fine motor skills).
Social interaction (peer contact, group play)
Adaptive skills (dressing, eating, washing).
What is typical?
Usually development follows a predictable course – Children develop skills and
abilities, that we refer to as “developmental milestones”.
Patterns can vary within different children – Not all children reach milestones as the
same time, but there is an expected timeframe.
Culture and environment contribute – Behaviours acceptable in one environment
may be appropriate in another.
What is typical
For example:
Making eye-contact: limited eye-contact may be a cultural sign of respect.
Speaking to adults: answering questions formally (with sir or ma’am), only speaking
when spoken to.
Taking initiative: asking permission, wating for adult’s direction.
Things to note about behaviour
Time at which skills emerge.
Sequence in which they change
Quality of skill level.
How the skill contributes to overall functioning.
The expression of psychopathology in children often changes in both magnitude and
character as development progresses.
Atypical development
Some children exhibit behaviours that fall outside the typical, or expected, range of
development.
The behaviour’s emerge in a way or pace that is different from their peers.
Have to be cautious: is the behaviour reflective of the child’s personality or is it
demonstrating areas of concern?
Developmental Psychopathology
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