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Summary Public health
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- University Of Leeds (UoL)
Detailed notes on Public health
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BLGY1211 Public healthOver-nutrition
23-34% increase in people classed as overweight/obsess (1980-2008) biggest
increases in less developed countries; changing diets with increased consumption of
animal products, sugars, fats and oils significant risk factor in cardiovascular
disease, diabetes and some cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Accounts for 1/3 of global deaths; 43% from heart attacks and 33% from strokes
Survivors require expensive clinical care
Tends to effect people in their mid-years so has an impact on socio-economic
development
Now a leading cause of death in less developed countries
Ischaemic heat disease (IHD)/coronary heart disease/heart attack – low oxygen state
usually due to obstruction of the arterial blood supply or inadequate blood flow
leading to hypoxia in the tissue
Stroke (cerebrovascular disease)
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Rheumatic heart disease – heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic
fever (an inflammatory disease that occurs following streptococcal infection;
believed to be cause by antibody cross-reactivity that can involve the heart, joints,
skin and brain) characterized by changes in the myocardium (cardiac muscle) or
scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
The risks (CVDs)
Rise reflects; more energy-dense diets, animal products, saturated fats (ruminant
products), physical activity levels, smoking which contribute to the risk factors; high
blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, overweight/obesity, type-2 diabetes >50%
of deaths and disability from CVDs can be avoided by reducing the major risk factors
Diabetes mellitus type 2/insulin dependent diabetes is a metabolic disorder; the
onset of the disease is commonest in middle age and later life and can usually be
controlled by diet and exercise often associated with obesity and hypertension
and with the conditions insulin resistance and PCOS or Syndrome X also associated
with haemochromatosis, acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome and endocrinological
disorders
Public health
Government health advise (COMA – committee on medical aspects of food policy,
1994); reduce intake of animal fats (total energy intake from animal fats should be
<35% of total energy intake), reduce intake of saturated fat (<10% of total energy
intake – increase intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids especially ω-3 fatty acids)
meat industry; decrease fat content and change composition of fat
Fat/adipose tissue
Fat composition; 90-98% Triacylglycerides and the rest diacylglycerides,
phospholipids, cholesterol properties of fat determined by its fatty acid (FA)
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