Lecture notes
Vaccinations in Immunology
- Module
- Immunology
- Institution
- Bournemouth University Talbot Campus (BUTC)
Lecture notes regarding the process of vaccinations and how they provide immunological defence.
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Lecture 16- VaccinationsGeneral Features of a Memory Cell
- Higher start points, more precursor cells.
- More rapid on a per cell basis.
- Higher peak of response.
Primary Vs Secondary B Cell Response
Property Primary response Secondary response
Responding to B cell Naive Memory
Lag period 4-7 days 1-3 days
Peak of response 7-10 days 3-5 days
Magnitude of peak varies 100-1000x higher than the
primary response
isotype IgM mainly IgG
Antigen Thymus dependant and Thymus dependant only
thymus independent
Antibody affinity lower higher
How do Memory B Cells Clear Infection Quickly?
There are more of them than naïve cells.
Differentiate to plasma cells more rapidly.
Remain as the switched isotype from the primary response.
Higher affinity due to affinity maturation.
Memory B Cells Look Different to Naïve B Cells
More co-stimulatory molecules in their surface.
More anti-apoptotic molecules expressed by memory cells.
Require fewer/different signals to remain alive. No requirement for BAFF.
Very long lived.
How Can Memory B Cells Survive for So Long?
Maruyama et al
- Generated mice in which 4% of B cells are specific for NP. Immunised mice with NP to
generate memory B cells.
- Concern is that NP may persist at low levels in the mice.
- IFN treatment causes memory B cells expressing NP-specific NCR to express PE specific BCR
instead.
- PE specific cells persisted.
Memory B cells persist without antigen or T cell help.
Reactivation of Memory B Cells
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