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Summary G.R.Elton Commentary on Elizabeth I
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G.R.Elton Commentary on Elizabeth I - key quotes for essays.
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G.R.Elton on Elizabeth I- “Her character was of steel”
- Knox’s ‘First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women’ was
directed primarily at Mary I and Mary de Guise
- Sir Francis Knollys and Sir Anthony Cooke = puritan sympathisers
- Elizabeth’s succession rested on 1543 Act of Parliament and Henry’s will
- Christmas Day 1558 the Bishop of Carlisle conducted Mass and Elizabeth walked out
- Treaty of Cateau Cambrésis with Spain and France gave up English claim for Calais -
confirmed Elizabeth’s recognition by Continental Powers
- 1559 Prayer Book got rid of the “Black Rubric”
- 240-300 out 8,000 clergy were deprived between 1560-66
- When she acceded the throne “military strength had declined disastrously”
- Gresham assisted Cecil in strengthening financial stability with Antwerp
- Scottish nationalism turned against the Guises and looked more favourably to Elizabeth
- Mary, Queen of Scots: “entirely without moral sense”
- By 1570 the only hard core Catholics that remained were no more than 150,000
- 1566 Parker published ‘Advertisements’ which laid down Church vestment
- Peace faction favouring agreements with Spain = Cecil, Sussex and Crofts
- Intervention faction against Spain = Leicester, Walsingham and Bedford
- Elizabeth, Philip and Catherine de Medici all opposed war but were prepared to work
against each other in secret
- War arose in 1585 - England was strong at this point because of the work of
Walsingham and Cecil
- Channel route between Netherlands and England posed threat and showed the need for
precautionary actions
- In the 1560s the amity between Spain and England was beginning to burn out
- San Juan de Ulna - 1568
- December 1586 England captured bullion from Philip’s Genoese bankers for the
payment of Alva’s troops
- Bull ‘Regnans in Excelsis’ issued by Pope Pius V in 1570
- First Catholic martyr in 1577 was Cuthbert Mayne
- Edmund Campion (Jesuit) was executed in 1581
- Act in 1581 heavily increased fines for recusancy to £20
- 250 men died for the Catholic faith in Elizabeth’s reign
- Explorers, colonists, traders, privateers and pirates
- Levant Company - 1583 - John Newbery and Ralph Fitch made journey overland to
India
- Reached Portuguese Goa and with some difficulties were given license to trade
- Out of this journey grew the East Indian Company
- Spanish conquests sparked jealousy
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