Biology 220 (exam 03) : Class 24 (1st class of exam 03) - 03-15-10
ENDOCRINE (cAMP) vs. EXOCRINE
(chapter 17)
The 2 systems operating in us telling our
bodies what to do (controlling us) = what?
1. Nervous = via electrochemical
2. Endocrine = via chemical
The nervous system controls by way...
Biology 220 (exam 03) : Class 24 (1st class of exam 03) - 03-15-10
ENDOCRINE (cAMP) vs. EXOCRINE
(chapter 17)
The 2 systems operating in us telling our 1. Nervous = via electrochemical
bodies what to do (controlling us) = what? 2. Endocrine = via chemical
The nervous system controls by way of 1. electrochemical
what types of messages? Turned on and off 2. on and off quickly
quickly or slowly?
The endocrine system controls by way of 1. chemical
what types of messages? Are these 2. action =
messages turned on and off quickly or - onset of action = gradual
slowly? - effect of action = gradual
The endocrine system is controlling with 1. blood
chemicals carried in the what called what? 2. hormones
The nervous and endocrine systems Sister systems that control our actions
together are referred to as what?
Both exocrine and endocrine are 1. glandular
considered to be what type of tissue? Thus, 2. epithelial (type of epithelium)
it is what by nature?
The 2 shapes of exocrine glands are what? 1. flask (aka acinar) or tubular
If is a single gland per one duct, it is called 2. simple
what? Multiple glands per one duct =? 3. compound
The action of the exocrine glands is that it 1. makes (produces)
_____ something, puts it in a _____, which 2. duct
then goes to some _____. 3. space or opening
The action of the endocrine gland is that 1. glandular cells
something is made by _____. This product 2. capillary (when we are talking
is released and enters a _____ close by about traditional hormones)
which is said to be _____. In some cases, 3. fenestrated (= full of holes / holy)
the hormone is carried in the blood like 4. carried by a carrier molecule due to
anything else. In other cases, it must be the nature of the chemical that it’s
what? Therefore, the glands that these cells made of
are part of are very _____ raising what 5. vascular
challenge? 6. difficult to treat (esp. w/ surgery
due to potential for bleeding
Paracrine hormones are more _____ 1. local
hormones which are produced and stay 2. own kind of cells or cells close by
within the space around them affecting 3. prostaglandin
what? A good example of this is what?
Prostaglandin is prevalent where? During 1. the uterus
what, these hormones are released to do 2. the female menstrual cycle
what? Are these picked up by the blood 3. instigate the contraction of muscle
and carried to a target? tissue resulting in cramps
4. These are generally local (not
picked up by blood, etc)
Traditional hormones are those that are put 1. blood supply
in the _____ and go some place.
The capillaries dealing with the endocrine Fenestrated (necessary to allow hormones
1
,system tend to be what? which tend to be large molecules in & out)
A good example of a paracrine gland 1. a prostaglandin
(glandular endocrine cells) is what? Where 2. in the uterus
is it commonly found?
The 2 main groups of hormones are what? 1. Hormones are:
Which one of these is the ‘short list’? - water soluble
What comprises the short list? - fat soluble
2. fat soluble
3. short list = (TIP: “Pet Cat”)
- P rogesterone
- E strogen
- T estosterone
- C ortisol
- A ldosterone
- T hyroxine (aka T4) (TIP: T4 is
‘different’ than others; ‘ROX star’)
Hormones are made by a variety of what? Chemicals
The largest groups of hormones is _____ 1. water
soluble? What does this imply? 2. They can get into the capillary and
into the plasma of the blood and just
go along in the blood until it
reaches its target at which time it
gets out / affixes itself to the target.
Water soluble hormones can get easily into 1. plasma
the ____ of the blood by way of the _____. 2. capillary (it dissolves into blood)
When it reaches a _____ near its target, it 3. capillary
gets out and affixes itself to the target.
Estrogen is a derivative of _____ and is 1. cholesterol
therefore classified as _____ soluble. In 2. fat
essence, estrogen is a what? 3. steroid
What is unique about T4 (‘rox’ star)? Not a steroidal derivative but is fat soluble
The short list is comprised of hormones 1. cholesterol / steroidal
that are _____ derivatives. The one 2. thyroxine (aka T4)
exception to this is what? All of the 3. fat soluble
hormones on the short list are _____ 4. nothing, can go right in b/c PM =
soluble? Once these hormones reach their phospholipid bilayer
target, what do they need to do to get into 5. water soluble hormones CAN’T get
the target cell? What do water soluble into cell (they attach to receptors at
hormones do to get into its target cell? the target cell’s surface)
Thyroxine is also known as what? Is it 1. T4
water or fat soluble? 2. fat soluble
What are the two methods by which 1. cAMP (water soluble)
hormones work? 2. gene activating (fat soluble)
What do the following abbrevations stand 1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
for? Where are the sources for these? (corticotropin) = anterior pituitary
(page 639) 2. Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
= posterior pit
1. ACTH 3. Atrial natriuretic peptide = heart
2. ADH 4. Corticotropin-releasing hormone =
The following are hormones secreted by 1. ovaries and testes
the anterior pituitary gland. What is the - Females: growth of ovarian
target organ or tissue for each and what are follicles and secretion of estrogen
their principal effects? (page 643) - Males: sperm production
2. ovaries and testes (aka lutropin)
FLAT (“tropic” or “trophic” = secreted by - Females: ovulation, maintenance
anterior pit and targets (acts upon) other of corpus luteum
endocrine glands) - Males: testosterone secretion
3. adrenal cortex
PeG (“direct” = acting directly on target to - growth of adrenal cortex
stimulate effects) - secretion of corticosteroids
4. thyroid gland
1. FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone - growth of thyroid
2. LH: luteinizing hormone - secretion of thyroid hormone
3. ACTH: adrenocorticotropic 5. mammary glands and testes
hormone - Females: milk synthesis
4. TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone - Males: increased LH sensitivity
and testosterone secretion
5. PRL: prolactin 6. liver, bone, muscle, and fat
6. GH: growth hormone - somatomedin secretion
(somatotropin) - widespread tissue growth
The following are hormones secreted by 1. kidneys
the posterior pituitary gland - water retention
(hypothalamic). What is the target organ or 2. uterus and mammary glands
tissue for each and what are their principal - labor contractions
effects? (page 643) - milk release
- possibly involved in:
1. ADH: antidiuretic hormone a. ejaculation
2. OT: oxytocin b. sperm transport
c. sexual affection
T or F: FSH exists in males and females. TRUE.
FSH stands for what? Water or fat soluble? 1. follicle-stimulating hormone
2. water
How do water soluble hormones work? cAMP
How do fat soluble hormones work? Gene activating
cAMP = what? Why is this important? 1. Cyclic AMP
2. This comes from an ATP with 2
phosphates chopped off and
converted to cyclic form. This
molecule can go to and fro ATP.
ATP is a reversible and versatile
molecule. cAMP is yet another job
of ATP.
For females: FSH is made in the what? It 1. anterior pituitary
will be made because of something from 2. hypothalamus (discussed later)
the what? When it is released, it goes 3. target (= ovarian follicle)
through the blood to its what? (what is this) 4. special receptor (peripheral protein)
4
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