AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 3 Questions and Answers
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AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 3 (AQA)
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Question-restoritive justice
{{{Answer}}} (A method of reducing and atoning for offending behaviour through reconciliation between offender and victim, as well as the wider community)
Question-Aims of restorative Justice{
{{Answer}}} (- Rehabilitation of offenders
- Atonement for wrong doing
...
aqa psychology a level paper 3 questions and answers
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AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 3
Questions and Answers
,Question-restoritive justice
{{{Answer}}} (A method of reducing and atoning for offending behaviour through reconciliation
between offender and victim, as well as the wider community)
Question-Aims of restorative Justice{
{{Answer}}} (- Rehabilitation of offenders
- Atonement for wrong doing
- Changing the victim's perspective)
Question-Rehabilitation of offenders (aims of restorative justice)
{{{Answer}}} (The victim has the opportunity to explain the real impact of the crime and this enables the
offender to understand the effects on the victim)
Question-Atonement for wrongdoing (aims of restorative justice)
{{{Answer}}} (Offenders may offer concrete compensation for the crime such as money or community
work. The psychological process of guilt allows offender to show an understanding of their effects)
Question-Victim's perspective (aims of restorative justice)
{{{Answer}}} (Can reduce the sense of victimisation because they are no longer powerless and have a
voice and may grow to understand the offender)
Question-A theory of restorative justice
{{{Answer}}} (Wachtel and McCold (2003)- relationships rather than punishment)
Question-Peace Circles
{{{Answer}}} (Groups in communities where victims and offenders alike can come to enable mutual
understanding)
Question-Evaluation of restorative justice programmes
{{{Answer}}} (- 85% satisfaction ratings from victims in restorative justice programs (UK Restorative
justice council)
- Sherman and Strang reviewed 20 studies about face to face victim offender meetings in USA UK and
Australia and found all studies showed reduced offending
- Offenders want to avoid punishment of seeing their victim so this may act as a deterent
- Cannot work for all offenders, some victims may decline the offer, offender may have not admitted to
crime
- ethical issues of victim facing their offending e.g. victim facing their rapist may not be appropriate)
,Question-Anger Management
{{{Answer}}} (A form of cognitive behavioural therapy specific to changing the way a person manages
their anger.)
Question-Cognitive Restructring
{{{Answer}}} (Anger Management technique used to allow offender to control cognitive dimensions of
anger and gain greater self awareness (Novaco))
Question-Regulation of arousal
{{{Answer}}} (Anger Management technique used to allow offender to learn to control the physiological
state. (Novaco))
Question-Behavioural Strategies
{{{Answer}}} (Anger Management technique used to allow offender to develop problem solving skills
such as strategic withdrawal of the situation and assertiveness (Novaco))
Question-Key Aim of Anger Management
{{{Answer}}} (Novaco -
Cognitive Restructring
Regulation of Arousal
Behavioural Strategies)
Question-Stress inoculation model
{{{Answer}}} (Based on Novaco's Work
Question-Cognitive preparation (Anger Management)
{{{Answer}}} (Offenders learn about anger generally, how it can be both adaptive and nonadaptive.
Offenders analyse own behaviour patterns and identify situations which provoke them)
Question-Skill acquisition (Anger Management)
{{{Answer}}} (Offenders are taught various skills to help manage anger, such as self-regulation and
cognitive flexibility, relaxation and better communication skills)
Question-Application Training (Anger Management)
{{{Answer}}} (Offenders practice skills they have learned in controlled environments such as role-play.)
Question-Anger Management is a type of
{{{Answer}}} (Cognitive Behavioural Therapy)
Question-Evaluation of Anger Management
{{{Answer}}} (- Novaco reported 75% success rates in anger management after 6 meta analysis
- issues with methodologies e.g. some anger management programs span a few days some span years,
some are run by psychologists some are run by prison staff
, - CBT does not work for people who do not have the readiness to change
-Anger Management focuses on short term goals rather than long term goals
- Offenders equate their violent behaviour to anger rather than taking personal responsibility
- It is argued if anger and crime are linked)
Question-token economy
{{{Answer}}} (a form of behaviour therapy in which clients are given "tokens" for desired behaviours,
which they can later trade for rewards)
Question-token economy reinforcement
{{{Answer}}} (Tokens are given as rewards for good behaviour with some getting more than others
Punishment is used to take away tokens for bad behaviour
Shaping is used to given tokens for behaviour that becomes more complex over time e.g. making bed to
then being polite to prison guards)
Question-Hobbs and Holt
{{{Answer}}} (- Observed token economy in Alabama Boys Industrial School
- Staff were given extensive training to correctly spot behaviours
- Then 125 delinquent males were observed living in 4 cottages, 1 control and 3 token conditions
- Boys were told target criteria of token obtaining and once a week they could trade tokens for rewards
- There was an average increase of 27% in good social behaviour)
Question-Evaluation of Token Economies in behaviour modification in offending behavior
{{{Answer}}} (- Easy to implement
- Can be implemented without lots of training
- Results do not persist and are normally limited to young offender institutions
- Process has little effect on reoffending behaviour as once reward is removed the stimulus response link
is extinguished
- individual differences, work on young delinquents well but not violent criminals
- Ethical issues to taking away tokens once prisoners leave, some prisoners cannot control behaviours and
behaviour is being manipulated)
Question-Aims of custodial sentencing
{{{Answer}}} (deterrence, incapacitation, retribution, rehabilitation)
Question-Deterrence
{{{Answer}}} (Prison is used as an deterrent for crime)
Question-Incapacitation
{{{Answer}}} (Prison is used to protect the public from offenders)
Question-Retribution
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