CMN 142 Exam 1 Basic Questions and Answers 2021 Complete ana graded
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Module
CMN 142
Institution
CMN 142
When and where was the first newspaper published? Correct answer- Strasbourg,
Germany
1605
(Printed by Johann Carolus)
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper Correct answer- 1. published
2. periodical
3. printed
4. present-centered
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper: Pub...
cmn 142 exam 1 basic questions and answers 2021 complete ana graded
when and where was the first newspaper published
four italicized characteristics of a newspaper
four italicized characteristics of
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CMN 142 Exam 1 Basic Questions and
Answers
When and where was the first newspaper published? Correct answer- Strasbourg,
Germany
1605
(Printed by Johann Carolus)
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper Correct answer- 1. published
2. periodical
3. printed
4. present-centered
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper: Published Correct answer- Meaning
intended to be circulated to multiple persons, many of whom may be unknown to the
publisher (unlike a personal letter)
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper: Periodical Correct answer- Unlike a
broadside publication published to communicate news about a specific occasion without
any promise or expectation of further publication
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper: Printed Correct answer- Thereby making
possible a general circulation much more difficult and expensive to achieve in
handwritten form
Four italicized characteristics of a newspaper: Present-centered Correct answer- in its
subject matter
When and where was the first American newspaper published? Correct answer- Boston
1690
(Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick, published by Benjamin Harris)
And there was no such thing as journalism until the 1600s? Correct answer- No, but that
doesn't mean there wasn't news
There was no such thing as newspapers (published, periodical, printed, and present-
centered)
There was no such thing as journalism: an arena of human activities differentiated from
others, with its own definition; a social domain that people might understand themselves
,vocationally or avocationally a part of; a set of ideas and practices at least partially
distinct from other fields.
A field centered on regularly disseminating notice of and commentary about [topical
events] has been organized as an intentional pursuit for only around four hundred years
What were the early newspapers like? Who started them and why? Correct answer- all
early newspapers were published for a general audience, printed, periodical, and for the
most part present-minded in content
Four 18th century models:
1. The official state-issued news vehicle
2. The advertiser
3. The propaganda journal or publication guided by a strong political position
4. Literary and satirical journals and magazines
Who?
The government (London Gazette), City Mercury (advertiser), The Spectator by Joseph
Addison (literary journal)
What were early newspapers in the American colonies like? Who started them and
why? Correct answer- There were very few of them
Newspapers were primarily located in population centers (Boston, New York, etc.)
They were four page weekly publications generally organized like the London journals
before them in two or three columns on a page
Their contents:
-An assortment of local advertising
-Some paragraphs on local gossip
-Large amounts of European political and economic intelligence reprinted directly from
London newspapers
In any given colonial newspaper, political news of other American colonies rarely
appeared
Local political news was rarely noted or discussed
Printers did not typically see their newspapers as either political instruments or
professional agencies for gathering news
The first to be sustained beyond one issue was the Boston Newsletter
What does the First Amendment mean? Correct answer- "Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
, abridging the freedom of speech; or of the press; or the right of the people to peacefully
assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances"
To the founders:
-Prohibition of federal laws abridging freedom of the press, not state laws
-To Jefferson, this meant it was the exclusive right of the states to control the press
Gitlow v. New York: (1925) first amendment applies to states
Note the significance of the Sullivan case Correct answer- Supreme Court view
emerged that the first amendment permits a distinction between "high" value and "low"
value speech
High value speech: speech about elections, politics, and public policy, including speech
critical of the government or government officials; this is the kind of speech that was
most on the mind of the founders
Supreme court has determined that it's very important to protect political speech but
some kinds of speech are clearly unprotected (false advertising, libelous
speech/defamation, speech enacting a criminal conspiracy, "fighting words")
the decision certified that libel suits against news organizations by public officials would
be very difficult to win. The public official would have to show not only that news
organizations published false and damaging statements but also did so knowingly with
"malice"
how is the US different from other countries in this (Sullivan case) regard? Correct
answer- The U.S. judicial doctrine about freedom of the press, for all its variations, is
less likely to approve government regulation of or limitations on wide-open free speech
and free press than any other contemporary democratic country, even countries with
substantial and seriously defended liberty of the press
How is the US tradition of the free press different from traditions in other democracies?
Correct answer- Most democracies enforce right to reply statutes where news
organizations that have critical remarks about an individual must provide a forum for the
individual to respond; The U.S. supreme court has declared that such laws violate the
1st amendment
Many European democracies prohibit hate speech by law; US law does not
The Postal Act Correct answer- Newspapers circulated through mail (as most
newspapers were) would have a reduced postal rate
Newspapers that were mailed to other newspapers could be done so for free
(remember, newspapers at this time were aggregators)
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