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Summary NUR2407 / NUR 2407 Exam 2 Study Guide (Latest 2022 / 2023): Pharmacology - Rasmussen College
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NUR2407 / NUR 2407 Exam 2 Study Guide (Latest 2022 / 2023): Pharmacology - Rasmussen College
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Pharmacology Exam #2[Unit 7: Pain and Inflammation Management Drugs]
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS):
o Aspirin (ASA)- (Salicylates)
used to reduce pain and inflammation symptoms, decreased fever, and inhibit platelet
aggregation; for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
Side Effects:
Dizziness
Drowsiness
loss of appetite (anorexia)
nausea and vomiting
diarrhea
heartburn
abdominal pain
rash
Adverse Reactions:
Tinnitus
hearing loss
G.I. ulceration and bleeding
Life Threatening:
hemolytic anemia
bronchospasm
anaphylaxis
hepatotoxicity
Drug Interaction:
increased risk of bleeding with anticoagulants and other NSAIDs
increased risk of hypoglycemia with oral hypoglycemic drugs
effects are decreased by corticosteroids
increased ulcerogenecid effect with glucocorticoids
Contraindications:
hypersensitivity to salicylates or NSAIDs
flu or virus symptoms in children
G.I. bleeding
Caution: renal or hepatic disorders, gout, alcoholism, anticoagulant therapy, G.I.
bleeding, bone marrow suppression, head trauma, immunosuppression, pregnancy.
Anemia
Measles
Chicken Pox
Reye Syndrome
Decreased prothrombin levels (clotting factor)
Salicylate Poisoning:
tinnitus (ringing in ears)
elevated temperature
nausea and vomiting
dehydration/disorientation
hyperventilation
severe toxicity –
o metabolic acidosis
, o seizures
severe toxicity occurs with 300 to 500 mg/kg acute ingestion of aspirin
Steroids:
o reverse inflammation systemic in a profound way
o They suppress the anti-inflammatory response of the body (Increased risk of infection)
o NSAIDs reverse inflammation (and related pain) in a more limited way (not steroid)
o steroids may treat diarrhea caused by ulcerative colitis
o Take in the morning (AM) with food
o What is the role for steroids in the treatment of anaphylaxis?
Dilate airways to assist with breathing and also decrease inflammation
o Side Effects and Adverse Reactions-
Increased risk of Infection
Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)
Hypertension (High BP)
Hypokalemia
sodium retention
Puffy face (moon face)
edema (slow weight gain not rapid-often fluid retention)
Increased bleeding risk
gastric erosion
poor wound healing
Addison’s disease:
Occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol and often insufficient
levels of aldosterone. It can because by prolonged use of steroids
another common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency occurs when people who take
corticosteroids for treatment of chronic conditions, such as asthma or arthritis, abruptly
stopped taking their corticosteroids
o Drug Interactions-
Avoid caffeine
Do not take with NSAIDS
Increased risk of bleeding and gastric ulcers
o Nursing Priorities-
Take with food
Take in morning (insomnia)
What does a fever indicate?
Infection (due to immunodepression)
Very sick take seriously
Gradually discontinue dose
Corticosteroids:
o Use- treatment of adrenocortical deficiency, other endocrine disorders, allergic states, collagen diseases,
dermatological diseases, G.I. disorders, hematological disorders, respiratory disease, rheumatoid
disorders.
o Side Effects and Adverse Reactions-
Seizures
edema due to sodium retention
hypertension
poor wound healing
moon face
hyperglycemia
, G.I. perforation
pancreatitis
o Contraindications-
live viral vaccines
immunosuppressive drugs
use can exacerbate fungal infections
PO use can induce peptic ulcers and should be given with meals/antacids
long-term use can result in osteoporosis, related fractures, tendon ruptures
use can increase blood pressure, water retention, potassium excretion
o Drug Interactions-
use with aspirin, NSAIDs produces additive effects
antidiabetic drugs may require increase in dosage
use with toxoid/vaccines decreased their antibody formation
o Prednisone/Hydrocortisone (Short-acting corticosteroids)
Use: used in a variety of chronic illnesses, including inflammatory, allergic, hematologic,
neoplastic, and autoimmune diseases
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions:
Hypertension
hyperglycemia
fluid retention (long-term high dosages)
hypokalemia
peptic ulceration
anorexia
Cushingoid appearance (moon face, buffalo hump)
increased susceptibility for infection
weight gain (often fluid retention)
Contraindications:
active untreated infections
administration of live virus vaccines
May mask signs of potential infection
Nursing Priorities:
administer PO with food
avoid administration at bedtime (insomnia)
avoid exposure to infection
Sudden withdrawal can be deadly do not take with aspirin or other NSAIDs
[Unit 8: Antimicrobial Drugs]
Antibiotics (Fights Infection)-
Antibacterals/Antibiotics:
o Antibacterial/Antimicrobial- Substances that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other
microorganisms.
o Antibiotic-
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