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Essay unit1- changing awareness of crime
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Criminology unit 1 - changing awareness of crime ac1.1,1.2,1.3,1.6,2.1,2.2 + extra notes
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Unit 1: Changing Awareness Of CrimeCriminology is the study of crime , a crime is an act which constitutes an
offence punishable by law . some crimes can be deviant , deviance is
any act that violates social norms and expectations. deviant acts are not
necessarily crimes, however some crimes can be criminal and deviant
for example murder is a crime punishable by law and also goes against
the social norms within society . Criminology explores all aspects of
socio economic factors that affect ; why people carry out crimes and
what crime is defined as . Crime rates in the UK are accelerating and
more and more crimes are going unreported. in criminology we explore
reasons for this. therefore, it is important to study these factors so that
people can be more aware of these factors in order to prevent higher
crime rates and unreported crime, we also explore the consequences of
unreported crime to raise awareness and lower crime rates within British
society.
Learning outcome 1: understand how crime reporting affects the
public perception of criminality
Task 1:
AC1.1 Analyse different types of crime
There are five different types of crime, these are state crimes,
technological crimes, white collar crime, moral crime and individual
crimes. A state crime is an action or failure to act which breaks the
states own criminal or international law. Examples of state crime are
robbery, arson, murder, theft, rape and burglary. there are two types of
victims, victims of domestic state crime and victims of international state
crime. violent crime in the UK has risen 19% in the last year . In 2000
there were 764 homicides in the UK compared to 570 in 2016.
technological crimes are crimes conducted using new electronic and
digitally based technology like the internet or the help of a computer,
examples of technological crimes include identity theft, transaction fraud,
hacking, piracy and spam. victims typically include vulnerable people
and technology users. Technological crimes can also be referred to as
cybercrime and computer crimes depending on the area. another type of
,crime is white collar crime, this is financially motivated, nonviolent crime
committed by government professionals, they are always for financial
gain. white collar crime also includes illegal crime and prostitution.
anyone can be targeted by white collar crime however usually they are
people who have substantial funds e.g., businesses for pensioners.
often individuals are recruited by family or friends. this usually is the
case in Ponzi schemes. offenders of white-collar crime are usually
people of high profile and status; this status leads them to be trusted by
victims. they often work within businesses; they also do not fit in within
society's typical stereotypical criminal. the name white collar crime
comes from the shirt and tie. offenders can also be art of gangs such as
the mafia or yakuza. white collar crimes are often harder to prosecute as
they are committed by such high-profile individuals, and they can
effectively conceal their activity. therefore, the level of publicity is often
low. another reason for this is because the media focuses on violent
crimes. examples of white-collar crime include wage theft, fraud, bribery,
cybercrime, copyright and identity theft. Anyone can be a victim of white-
collar crime. more than 88% of white-collar crimes are not reported. The
next type of crime is moral crime, this is a crime that goes against
morality and social/personal values, moral comes often have no
immediate victims to bring charges they are often referred to as
“victimless crimes “, examples of moral crimes are prostitution, bigamy,
pornography, illegal gambling and illegal drug use. victims are typically
young and vulnerable. there were 72,800 known sex workers in the UK
recorded in 2015. 88% women ,6% men and 4% transgender . it is often
argued that the offender and victim can be the same person . for
example, with prostitution the offender and victim are usually the same
person. anyone can be an offender especially with more common crimes
such as underage drinking, usually the offender is in a difficult financial
or personal situation. the level of public awareness for moral crimes is
low as many of the offences are hidden from others such as family, also
the public may choose to ignore these crimes because of sympathy for
the “victim “for example people choose not to report homeless people to
the police as they are aware that the person is in a difficult situation and
feel sympathetic towards them. The last type of crime is individual
crimes, these are crimes against people this usually involves causing or
attempting to cause bodily harm or a threat of bodily harm, examples of
this includes assault, false imprisonment, kidnapping, homicide, rape
and sexual assault, anyone can be a victim of an individual crime
however often children and vulnerable people are targeted. in 2014 more
than 73% of people arrested were men. there are three types of
individual crimes, honour crime, domestic abuse and hate crime. a hate
crime is any crime that is perceived by the victim to be motivated by pre
, justice or hate based on a persons race , sexuality , religious beliefs ,
disability or if they are transgender . hate crimes often lead to other
crimes such as murder however the offender will be more harshly
prosecuted if the crime is motivated by hate. victims of hate crime can be
anyone who fits within the 5 factors, or through an association with
someone who fits within that. levels of publicity have grown recently as a
result of high media focus. the next type of individual crime is honour
crime; honour crimes are punishments on people who have deemed to
have brought shame upon their family. examples of honour crimes are
acid attacks, abductions, murders and beatings. young girls are typically
victims, more commonly from the Asian community. the typical offender
of honour crime is a male within the family for example an uncle, brother
or father. usually, this type of crime has low levels of publicity due to
differences in culture therefore it it often not reported to authorities. the
third type of individual crime is domestic abuse. domestic abuse includes
assault, murder, torture and verbal abuse. domestic abuse is any act
targeted to be an abuse act towards a partner or family member this
often happens within the home or in secret. anyone can be a victim
however it is typically more women. the level of public awareness of
domestic abuse is often low, although some notorious cases such as
Shafilea Ahmed are more publicised.
The two crimes I will explore in more detail are individual crime and
white collar crime .
Individual crime, individual crime is a crime against someone, this
usually involves causing or attempting to cause bodily harm. There are
many types of individual crime these include assault, battery, false
imprisonment, kidnapping, homicide; this includes crimes such as
second-degree murder, involuntary manslaughter and vehicular
homicide, rape, hate crime, statutory rape, sexual assault and other
offences of a sexual nature. Anyone can be a victim of an individual
crime however often children and vulnerable people are targeted.
Anyone can be an offender however as a society we create the idea of a
stereotypical criminal this is not accurate however this includes
stereotypes such as young, male and dressed in black clothing, we get
these ideas from the TV. However, this is not necessarily accurate as
anyone can be an offender. in 2014 more than 73% of people arrested
were men. this may contribute to society's idea of a typical criminal.
there are three different types of individual crime, honour crime,
domestic abuse and hate crime, honour crime is a punishment on
someone for an act deemed to bring shame upon a family. the typical
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