Name: Ransley Fernandes admin no. 40202
Unit 6A: undertake literature search and review to produce an investigative project proposal
Background
Daphnia are also called water fleas and are small crustaceans that reside in fresh water such
as, ponds, lakes, and water streams. They are an essential source of food water aquatic
organisms like fish. Daphnia are used because they are quite common and therefore no
threat to the species. The use of daphnia does not affect their reproduction because they
reproduce asexually as genetic clones, so here will be no loss of genetic variation. Daphnia
has less developed nervous system in comparison to human beings, therefore they obtain
less pain. Daphnia are also transparent and because of that it’s possible to see the heart and
prevents dissection. This visibility helps to count the heart beats.
Through the extensive research on the effect of caffeine solution on heart rate of water
fleas, shows that the caffeine influences the nervous system which increases the heart rate.
Action potentials are used by motor and sensory neurons to transport information to and
from the brain. The action potential is shot down the axon after the stimulus allows the
graded potential to exceed the threshold. The key component of successful action potential
is the release of neurotransmitter (Sanata el al, 2010).
Source 1
Bianca Kurien, Christyn Perkins, Christian Tullos, Quintin Mittermeier, Emily Hjalmarson*
1. 2018. The Effect of Caffeine and Ethanol on the BPM of Daphnia magna. (Accessed 19
April 2021)
file:///C:/Users/40202/Downloads/8785-38752-1-PB%20(2).pdf
Source 2
The royal society of biology. 2019. Investigating facts affecting the heart rate of daphnia.
(Accessed 19 April 2021)
https://practicalbiology.org/control-and-communication/control-of-heart-rate/investigating-factors-
affecting-the-heart-rate-of-daphnia
Source 3
Dr. Ty Gluckman. July 2010. How does caffeine affect the heart? (Accessed 19 April 2021)
https://oregon.providence.org/forms-and-information/a/ask-an-expert-how-does-caffeine-
affect-the-heart/
Information Brief details of information of Useful source Reliability and accuracy
, Name: Ransley Fernandes admin no. 40202
Unit 6A: undertake literature search and review to produce an investigative project proposal
source the source of the source
Bianca Kurien, Through this source I was able This source is very useful The source is reliable and
Christyn Perkins, to understand the possible because it provides with the accurate because the
Christian Tullos, effect of caffeine on information about the article was published by
Quintin neurotransmitters and how it caffeine and its effect on the department of
Mittermeier,
eventually affects the heart the nervous system, which I biology from University
Emily
rate. The caffeine effects the was unaware about. The of Oklahoma, the
Hjalmarson* 1.
2018. The Effect neurotransmitters, which will information obtained gives research they carried out
of Caffeine and later affect the action potential a clear sense of gives clear
Ethanol on the and therefore influences the understanding and delivers understanding about the
BPM of Daphnia signals received and sent by the knowledge about the experiment I will
magna. nervous system. It will directly investigation. This source is perform. The source
(Accessed 19 affect the heart rate and other useful in my investigation as determines some of the
April 2021) functions in organisms. As I was able to learn about information I studied
human heart and daphnia heart the heart of daphnia being during my course and
are similar, the caffeine will myogenic and that it is clearly provides with
increase sympathetic activity similar to the human heart, understanding required
and increasing caffeine due to which, daphnia are in order to carry out the
concentration can cause used to investigate the experiment. The method
tachycardia, meaning, if we use effect of caffeine on used during the research
0.8M of caffeine concentration daphnia heart rate, also in the article highlights
solution, the heart will beat daphnia are transparent so some of the essential
faster and can possible cause able to observe the heart. steps that can go wrong,
tachycardia in both humans as Therefore, this is a useful such as if I do not allow
well as water fleas. The caffeine source. The source answers the daphnia to adjust in
will increase the heart rate some of my questions the concentration for 7
because it is a stimulant that related to the practical, minutes then I would not
can change the levels of such as I had question be able to observe the
neurotransmitter epinephrine. regarding the possible heart of daphnia beating,
effect of caffeine on which the other source
nervous system and confirms in their
influencing the heart, which method. Therefore, this
is cleared by this source. In source is accurate and
addition, the source makes reliable.
it easier to understand
some of the complex
information which I was not
aware about.
The royal society Through this source, I was able This source covers about The source specify the
of biology. 2019. to understand the detailed the effect of caffeine investigative facts that
Investigating effect of caffeine on heart rate concentration on heart. The are required in my
facts affecting in humans. The caffeine have detailed description about practical. I believe that
the heart rate of
similar effects as of adrenaline the caffeine influence helps this source is accurate
daphnia.
and noradrenaline in the heart. me to understand the and reliable because it is
(Accessed 19
April 2021) Caffeine raises the amount of importance of not using published by the royal
cAMP (cyclic adenosine high concentration of society of biology and it
monophosphate) in the caffeine during the provides with the facts
