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Lecture notes

Cell communication
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Answers to the Key Learning Outcomes for Lectures on the topic of Cell communication (1st topic in the Biomedical Sciences 2 course from The University of Edinburgh). Brief and summarised nots for knowledge needed to pass the end-of-year Year 2 Biomedical Sciences exam. NOT ALL INFORMATION ...

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  • April 23, 2022
  • 2
  • 2021/2022
  • Lecture notes
  • Michael cousin
  • Lectures 1 and 2

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Biomedical Sciences 2
Answers for the Key Learning Outcomes (Semester 1, topic 1)

Semester 1, topic 1: “Cell Communication”
Lecture 1

Cell: smallest structural and functional unit of an organism which consists
of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.

Signals cross membranes:
1. Intracellularly –
intracellular signalling – between membrane-bound organelle
compartments, or,
2. Extracellularly –
extracellular signalling – between cells.

Types of cell-cell communication (extracellular signalling) are:
Paracrine Autocrine

 localised, only affects  localised, only affects
neighbouring cells. neighbouring cells of the
same cell type.

Synaptic Endocrine

 chemical neurotransmitter  Hormones with secreted into
secretion across synapses bloodstream.
between neurons.  Signals can travel long
 Signal travels short distance distances anywhere in the
of approx. 100nm. body.
 Fast communication between  Slow communication
cells. between cells.
 Receptors have low affinity.  Receptors have affinity.


Cells communicate directly with other cells via gap junctions on cell
membranes. Gap junctions allow small soluble molecules to flow into
another cell.
Hydrophobic signalling molecules e.g. steroids, thyroid hormones,
retinoids and vitamin D, can freely diffuse from and across plasma
membranes of cells.
Hydrophilic signalling molecules are taken up into and released from cells
via:
*Pumps, transporters and ion channels *Exocytosis and
endocytosis
(for metal ion transport) (for protein, peptide,
amino acid and
nucleotide transport).

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