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unit 21( distinction grade)
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- UNIT 21
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- PEARSON (PEARSON)
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What is non-ionising radiation?Any sort of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough photon energy to complete or
remove an electron from an atom or molecule. The energy produced from non ionising
radiation is only enough for excitation of an electron or electrons to a higher state of energy.
MRI and ultrasound are two examples of non-ionising radiation modalities that are utilised to
give medical diagnosis treatment.
The production of MRI
In MRI, hydrogen protons, which are abundant in the human body, spin to create a magnetic
charge, and the MRI operator produces a radio frequency pulse to push the protons to match 90
or 180 degrees with the strong magnetic field. So, when the radiofrequency pulse is turned off,
the protons realign because the radiofrequency wave forces them to align against their nature.
Electron magnetic energy/radio waves are produced by the proton as it realigns. After the pulse
is turned off, the signals emitted by the protons that were repositioned combine to form a
signal that the MRI can detect and identify between the various tissues based on how rapidly
the proton releases the electron magnetic energy.
The principle of MRI
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the basis of MRI. This is the method used in MRI to
produce a detailed picture of the scanned tissues by identifying proton in specific places all
throughout body. The principles of NMR are that atoms with an odd number of protons or
neutrons have a spin positive or negative movable electric charge generate a magnetic field, and
there are many atoms within the body that can act as a good magnetic resonance example
being hydrogen, which is positively charged and has a magnetic spin whereby the protons of
hydrogen generate a magnetic spin properly that can be used by the MRI to produce images.
Explain why MRI is used for diagnosis and treatment of human medical
conditions.
Because MRIs are non-ionising radiation, doctors and other health professionals can utilise
them to diagnose and treat a wide variety of human medical conditions. Because soft tissue
such as the brain, heart, and breast contain a lot of water and hence a lot of hydrogen protons,
they are generally the first areas of the body to be scanned with an MRI. Because MRI creates
very detailed images of the area under investigation, it helps medical professionals to look for
potential problem spots where patients may complain of signs and symptoms of the underlying
medical condition. Doctors will be able to recognise medical conditions that are present in an
image acquired using MRI. This is especially useful for analysing body parts such as the brain,
heart, spine, joints, breast, abdomen, blood vessels, soft tissues, and organs to determine a
variety of medical conditions or damage to these areas, such as blood vessel damage in the
brain or heart disease, spinal cord injuries, stroke, or tumours present in the brain cell, and so
on. By being able to recognize these medical problems via an MRI scan, doctors are best
prepared to cure or alleviate these medical disorders because the highly detailed image may
highlight the particular locations within these organs, etc. that need to be treated in order to
treat the patient further. Because MRI is so good at detecting medical issues, it's also great at
diagnosing them.
Justification on the use of MRI for diagnosing/ treating MS
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