Flash cards covering the Historical environment section of EDXEL GCSE Medicine Through Time- the Western Front. Including conditions and illnesses in the trenches and then the impact that war had on medicine and the key individuals which made those changes
Chlorine Gas- first used by the Large field guns ( Artillery ) had a long
German army at the battle of range of several miles and could deliver
devastating blows to the enemy even in
Ypres in 1915. Chlorine gas trenches. Was responsible for the most
caused a burning sensation in deaths. Needed 12 men to operate them.
the throat and chest pains. They were very inaccurate at the start on
the war but they were improved.
Death is painful.
Gas was not used very often Mustard Gas was the deadliest Phosgene Gas was fi
because… used. It was fired into trenches 1915 near Ypres. Had
and took 12 hours to take effect. effects of chlorine. B
If the wind was blowing in the wrong
direction you could gas your own It caused blistering skin, sensation in throat a
men which happened to the British vomiting and sore eyes. Death pains but was quicke
in the Battle of Loos 1915. can take up to 5 weeks.
, to treat large numbers of casualties Chain of evacuation: Stretcher bearers
there had to be an efficient system of Recovered the wounded and t
Stretcher bearers under heavy shelling. They had
treatment. This was called the chain of Regimental Aid post (RAP) mud, she’ll creators and twistin
evacuation. The aim was to treat the
wounded as quickly as possible to save Field ambulance/ dressing stations Took 4 men to carry a stretche
8 with muddy conditions. Ther
lives and to get the wounded away from Casualty clearing stations ( CCS ) stretcher bearers to 1 battalion
the front line where more complex Base hospitals They carried basic medical sup
medical treatment could be carried out. bandages and morphine.
Regimental aid post Field ambulance/ dressing stations Casualty clearing stations
Very close to the front line and was moved forward Was a large mobile medical unit between ¼ and 1 These were the first large well
when more casualties were expected. Medical officer mile from the front line. The staff set up dressing medical facility which was well
would bandage very light wounds and then send the stations in tents or derail the buildings. The
soldiers back into action. The rest were sent to the wounded would see. They
wounded were sorted into more or less serious from the front line. They were
dressing stations and field ambulances. RAP could cases in a system called a triage. All serious cases
have been a dug out in the trenches or behind a wall. or huts. CCS could deal with 10
were sent to casualty clearing stations by a time. It contained operations
There was 1 medical officer and around 30 orderly’s
motorised or horse drawn ambulances. Patients
and stretcher bearers.
were given pain relief and treatment. rays. They performed operatio
amputations
Base hospitals Improvements in ambulances Battle of Arras, April 1917. Las
Civilian hospitals or converted buildings near At the start of the war no motor ambulances were 160,000 troops were killed and
railways. Many soldiers arrived by trains, motor sent to France only horse drawn ambulances that Despite this the evacuation rou
ambulances and barges along canals because it was couldn’t cope due to muddy ground. This improved
less bumpy. Most soldier were sent to Britain, the as by November 1914, 250 motor ambulances were efficiently. Through many doct
rest were put in convalescent wards before returning sent to France. Ambulance trains were an important worked under fire. Many CCS h
to fight. They had operating theatres and X-ray development as they could carry up to 800 patients. back due to heavy fire. The CCS
departments. By 1918, the hospitals could take up to There were 4 ambulance trains in 1914. 28 barges became too full and organisati
2500 patient were used too for smoother travel. there was enough staff and eq
including 28 ambulance trains.
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