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Essay Unit 12A - Diseases and Infections
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The following are the properties of the microorganism andtheir structure:
Except for fungi, which may be both multicellular and single cell organisms, all
microorganisms are single celled organisms with the exception of bacteria. Except for the
fungus in mushrooms, which can be seen with the naked eye, all of the organisms must be
seen under a microscope.
All microorganisms, by which I mean fungus, are included. With the exception of protozoa,
which contain a portion of their species that are autotrophs, all bacteria and viruses are
heterotrophic, with the exception of viruses, which are non-living outside their host and
consequently unable to make their own food, either inside or outside the host cell.
Non infectious disease
Diseases that cannot be transferred from one person to another are referred to as
non-infectious. Non-communicable diseases including asthma, lung allergies, and cancer
are the most frequent. Such diseases, like diabetes and strain, can be passed down through
families, whereas noncommunicable diseases develop slowly and remain in the body for
extended periods of time; treatment for these diseases typically involves taking medications
prescribed by doctors or, in the majority of cases, undergoing surgical procedures. Tobacco,
malnutrition, obesity, lack of exercise, and alcohol usage are the most prevalent causes of
chronic illness.
It's impossible for germs or other creatures attacking the body to spread non-infectious
illnesses from one person to the next. People seldom pass on non-infectious illnesses. It's
important to know that bacteriostatic medications like antibiotics don't help treat conditions
that aren't infectious.
1)Genetic disease
First and foremost, genetic sickness, often known as a disorder disease, is the result of
alterations, or mutations, in a person's DNA. A mutation is a change in the letters that make
up a gene's (DNA sequence) DNA sequence. This is referred to as a "spelling" mistake in
certain circles. Protein genes code for the molecules that do the bulk of the labour, execute
the vast majority of biological tasks, and comprise the vast majority of cellular structures.
Protein genes code for the amino acids that make up proteins. The effect of a gene mutation
that causes its protein product to be unable to execute its usual function is referred to as an
illness or disease.
Genetic illnesses may be passed down from one generation to the next because of
mutations in the body's germ cells — the cells that pass on genetic information from
generation and so on.Genetic abnormalities may also be caused by differences in DNA in
somatic cells, or in body cells that do not include germ cells, in addition to germ cell
variations.
Many genetic illnesses are classified as Mendelian disorders, which means that they are
caused by changes in the DNA sequence of a single gene. Huntington's disease and cystic
fibrosis are two instances of uncommon illnesses that are regularly seen in the population.
,Many genetic illnesses are multifactorial in nature, meaning that they are caused by a
combination of environmental factors and mutations in numerous genes. Heart disease,
obesity, and diabetes are just a few instances of what I'm talking about.
Example of genetic disease: Cystic fibrosis/Sickle cell Anaemia/Huntington’s Disease
The hereditary condition cystic fibrosis is one example of this. This is caused by a genetic
mutation known as CFTR, which is passed down the generations. A faulty protein is
produced when a gene mutation occurs, and this protein typically aids in the transport of
sodium chloride inside and outside of cells. The mucus is particularly thick and sticky
because of the salt's inability to migrate. The mucus obstructs the organs that produce the
mucus, such as the kidneys, pancreas, and intestines, from releasing it. Chronic respiratory
infections and nutritional malabsorption are the outcome of this.
Although untreated cystic fibrosis may be fatal to infants, the defective gene that causes it
has persisted in certain human societies for tens of thousands of years at exceptionally high
rates. Ancestral Northern Europeans are the most likely carriers of the mutant gene. It's
estimated that around 1 in 25 of these populations are vectors, and 1 in every 3,000
new-borns suffers from the disease. Heterozygote advantage is the most prevalent cause of
the mucosal fibrosis mutation's persistence in those who have the mutant gene. Certain
infectious illnesses, such as cholera, typhoid fever, and TB, may be more resistant to those
who have the cystic fibrosis mutation than the general population.
2) dietary disease
Dietary disease refers to any and all of the nutrient-related illnesses and disorders that
cause sickness in humans. A healthy lifestyle may lead to food deficits or excesses, obesity,
eating disorders, and chronic diseases such cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer,
and type 2 diabetes. For example, food allergies and intolerances, food interactions with
drugs, and possible food supply dangers are all aspects of nutritional illnesses that may be
present.
Examples of Dietary Diseases: Coronary Artery disease (Atherosclerosis)
, It is a potentially deadly condition in which the arteries become blocked by plaque, also
known as atheroma, or with fat-soluble substances (lipids). These plaques harden and
constrict the arteries, limiting blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs, and raising the
risk of blood clots, which might obstruct heart or brain blood flow.They also raise the risk of
heart attack and stroke. At first glance, atherosclerosis seems to have no symptoms, which
may make you unaware that they have it. However, if the condition worsens, it has the
potential to produce life-threatening consequences such as heart attacks and strokes.
Although the condition is mostly prevented with a healthy lifestyle, therapy may help lessen
the likelihood of a significant issue occurring.
3) degenerative disease
An organ or tissue will ultimately degenerate as a consequence of a degenerative illness.
Many degenerative illnesses are caused by ageing or worsen as we become older, as is the
case with many of these disorders.
Neurological, neoplastic, and nervous system degenerative illnesses fall into three main
categories. The most prevalent cardiovascular conditions are hypertension, coronary artery
disease, and myocardial infarction. Tumours and tumours are both examples of neoplastic
disorders.
In certain cases, the nervous system may be impacted by illnesses such as Parkinson's and
Alzheimer's.
Degenerative illnesses may be caused by a variety of factors. Natural wear and tear, as well
as bad health or an unhealthy lifestyle, may cause several conditions.
Those degenerative illnesses can be cured with it, but there are still many for which there is
no cure. The therapies offered in these circumstances are aimed at alleviating the symptoms
as much as possible and allowing patients to lead a normal life.
Examples of Degenerative Diseases
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