Summary
Summary Cell Division
- Module
- Cell Division
- Institution
- OCR
A mindmap containing all the information needed for Specification 2.1.6 in the OCR Biology A textbook
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
,.-ch c _. ~~ during inll'I J)oott _
~ ROPHA5£ META PJ/RfE 7 /er Ol-folOGot,5
~ ( CH~OrfOrurSOH'TaESn . witt
b;ncs ' l)~fOlf rri,toDNi Si con ,... C4fOl'lls md111dr1
CYTOKINE5/S,.
l DNfi tcom prt>tcins callrd O!:cur OIi thr r 5toqc :l ' CI/IOl<in(SiS ~\Orms 2c11
11
~" _'b~~;m:
; .,_ --:,, . o ron- , riuc1 d dun ~
, _ ~ ·~ • •
. J. stir rmQ \ .is rtP[ i(Qtt
usep to ,cte ntlf
n mit os,L '1.~~ism •, crllf con;o dtnlSt(01!191!l
1
nr HIST ON£S lo fO
: ~ .,.,TOTICPHA>'[ · ,_o d" C .. l dl .
IOltlJ)h O&t Chro,,,.
,
' . -1 • ., ~
- "' ..,.., -. " v!S1on "1
-- i/q~ r ~P - i !mi~~ci~sJ~oWl't .., ,-, ~
~.
'1 .' . '
.. /. 1·1 4-; .:....(I_ ,!"'
I
NI
Toto / num b~c 1
r
w1s
,•
, llsw oFHNE
eCl" I rental
Iha ' r,, nucttu ·· loidni (HROhomo\OQ!lj
l1A TIN chro moU ds
b
fOCtr
,) r
DNA moir
COnve1'cd into J idff'lUCOI (
cutr • Sto Qn - rrcto&;s
• - " -. nuo tu,;diridcl ,,. - ~· .
· . , ~ -- ,
!tUndtr ~ -' . . ; ·'".?'ii!!\- POrh ·
..... _J ; -· ,;sibUq11
-. . ·• _. • inc rni ~scopr
t -
.
-r· • ···... ,.,
a,lr' ..,•
·•
_.? \
ro111dei n
measu~<fthtCOPOC > ( chrom0Somr in"-..ch~~ll95rtj
a o10 our Pair osom r
~
- d•P
7
chrornort,ms . _ N I\ l"nQl
Jo,n~ roql"fhtr
!eutcJ
In [ UkA RYOll ( ttll1
r:
thci t 01r ci nVlin ph01ci: ~'
:. -~- ·__
.
• ·•
•~ to diritlC dht iry } ) homth
~1
- •! ~(
-
Chromatin fibrtf Cetil + )
(.! (hro -no 5omc
r 'v 0 115
.;: .,. · 'rof, ~ cclld i.-isionl
hat c~am e qene 1a/
'1! ro
thc~rt1c 1oci
I +RffiJCRTION ~h~ ~ •On tbllt
a
tt-JTERRIA5E-9row1b period ct
Cdl rqa eI : .-__~- 11
'· C IND EX ~
throJ,i &~J:;'f:~~~~
J mo1-td bl/ sp,n dl~ MIT OTI ,J ci a.;:; ~s0 u, ; ENT ~l1E ~E ) P " .._ . - -
condcnst- to form chromosomr tf to 'l Q lSPtnd r majorit~ " lime ill in
~
(
NUclrolus diSQpptQr5
fibr
t/!:/ii
fOlll
rhw nic r Af
.flP HR I~ E ¾ '1 rr11 frn mito sis
ka . I.._ n r't'> °"1 h14
'ctnla.to< togr t1ier so t he
ait kfpt
<! -~'='
1111riJ.ivrt~
(DIJ
\. 3 SIOl}<s: _ T
'; "c;,...• orr:, h ~ ~-~ .r
Nuclear mcmbront' btqins to 01 OhlJ time pro _!your orqanisrr,r ) be Prte•s~ ctllsizc
apri arr .
do11 ·1na1-r nurlM sistrr~
rtnnQUd
11..\ceal/cd mrt , 4 - O c!"' G2
~~-
btrok. down rtpa,r1n9 bOCl t'rlQ •srp or,..
.rtSUIIS insth r f • v
Prottin mic rotu bui ts rorm
Pat
.,_. ., c • , • ~prottin'S~ntt1~i1OCC\lll
':ipindlt·Stiopm structUtU Unk
in9 .
th
Toe~ 01~ rn hrld
;,
·, ·
i lii'f tis~ cs fUkC IIIJo t,· . dM
1crm
sirm the tell +
otio l)Cf :l r . ,h,:: ..,~~ 1:"
,:;';
~thtl! will mou ttlt ~ 01'9(111C
lltl
inpos;t,on , r{ · • ~ Cf/lr<1 0 ac S•nqi r- the rm,, . ma,es "'10s1S
( tile p01c, Cf the cell A · • this is tile '9 ~so ~b a (idfmica~d~~.,.. ~~ _. 1 any n_,e&d c. ~ . pnasc
nrctsSQ ry to n-,o,.- the = NIH IIL CELLS • rosr (Jur1in 9: \ rtPl! lcerntnf \ """ tti:i1 ;,, J S{fltnt5'_s .
chro!Y'OSOmrr Into ,,,. con ,~A c1rovo9r furrn... - : l ~... l ~t• ssu es ull
,....,. - -~ 'P-c..,_,.,..,~ ,
.
( 9,0,..,h in rnoltittllular .
) ah; ht orderrd ' DNA teplicotion occurJ cr11sin 1
POS/t/ons rvnnsaroundthr s_hotd mg in
,ma1{+ romr plant) w11 ~ m,ddlt< f thr rM
Inan Tnt: crn trom e-~ o rusr ns ~cu 11 e~ cvrn rs G
r 1hr Po1rJ Cf crt1war OrtJUnisrnr SfQur~c nd 13rowtti Ph<lS, J
Cfnrriom'n,i9r111e ro oppo 6·,' r . Ct//· UtfOCJ membrane toq
ethr nrrcssa111 1-1hfn ? 9 Pl(!nts~
muth
...___., 1 l'llhiCh tokes pl
, : SCCo ..
G~u n.lncaff'/,und/~ ~
P111ts ct 11(' -, 1 ,~ PU//cj rnward by ttie chro osom t diVide C h'Om
mol idr in roch all dauqnler r.rU& fung,(""'"'"Qsnrrrnall/ for ' plan '
I
in the C ell
~
Oet ~!)N II iS ChtCKtd
:bi".J!
1os1 ,n
Cl,(osxr/cton until itis Cnr omOti d f o,r Stparnted hoK 10 bl idtn H[(I
s ~ . 1.- ctto n I to 9"'" din
l"ln~ tha t help 1n the Cl~ r tnough tp ;11st
~ pi,l ltd to opposite-
l ;P'on 1, ico// y. G Cl'II = 5fN~(£NT
forr ncit , on "1 the f.pl ndl~ fiC OIOW!dthr,rield(t l rnsuttt blfth . ~ ,~< ;pn ng (f
• MITQS/ 5
P01tr </ tnr r.rtts b~ t_hc idt 1_
'5plndlC fibtf's Ott'O(h to SpW FOr min g :2 crns dOUghtrr c,11r \ 1 l\l • ; \.
artat on the C(n trom rtf's . Shorten ing Spindle f1brf! ~mm patt
!Qltllh r 9•1fn lo the phm
ston lo mo-.t Jt,r cM>motomo mr_vshap, is a tfiU/t"fthrr11 rru
pl'T)ducrd,Jh rna ~ .
wh.!
" ' t CI J
to tn, ttnt tr q inc c.c11 TELOPJlfi J b, ,nq drag9rd b~ tllf!r<rnrrom
PUlfnt u lt di n drs
dirfs ion ,,
REGU,....) N
L!lTIO : Chec1cpointS r e11h lini~Olf!
rr I~ ctll L- •
~
Otfl7fNEr1 c11u'( Cljcl USr•
Sy tile rnd Cf pro pM s, the o~ , th rough tllr hqu;dcy101<11 7
~oc cur at 5/ldfic poin ts ... r' Orur11y or Ptrmanrn tl~ unO
· IDENTICAL the OUC/rus I. Cea tJmc
nlldrar rn~lope tor disnp,x :-: -- - - - ~ ( Gr cn:ctr.rlnt occu ,s bN/ lsd orrio9tc1
,1 hcd the ,- 11ar r""rtllENllRlED
I
Tllc enro mat tdr hDIIC ttoC --~ ~:00
PLANT CELLS:
..., ~,
Po•rr• 011' nowcoul'<I chromoSomrJ "' uu ~-,. , c,ntn'tm PCrrnnnuil ~o 1
/ 'I ~ le ~~ rnd 'l Gr PhD St 011
l Pf qr rntr>1 ct1 c4clrtion
1
Thr ~ nrw sw q: ehromoi omn aur~ ~fonm
mb lhr
ti c1eava9c fUnTJN con it form I{
CEll D/V/510N
• -.rhtcKt er,, Silf CEil ARREST lfonns ,tr !)lfrific func
bccaust q. the rr,r 111011 . f aat1111.1 ra~ Phlf/r • tt,r nuctrar rn1tt1op nutnmrs
Ves;c1rr ftnm Gotq;apporoius OS'ied t'mblt . ,,., r r,n l)NAdomaqe
whr ir rhr lll('topnasr p1a1
~ftr .ie Nitn f'Ol::11 ottr r +
r form
cell mrm ban r • •
form atonq
j
'iJ.,
Cht omo
• ·C11tokinrr,1 brginr
1
so~ ri unc oil •nue 1co1 ur ,-1 formed
IF thrlt rr u11conrro11cd di.-i
. . .
sion
_ _ _ _ _
,_J
_ __ _ __,, 1
lr
17,2 Chcc><Poin1 occun
ttSU lts
'1UT/ITIONS in encl
from
that l'ncodr C(ll1~ctt Cell Cl(clc. ~-
N('N SCC/ionr 'I en, Nall . de
rtirn thrq fOll'II morrrJ Cf crtlr caued r..... -.. I - at thernd Cf G2 phOs t ~
nt'kl n,rm t.an e Sections
If dMding c~, NOii SCP Q,m e(/Nauid un<k"!"
b(fa,r- the lft1Jr4 don 't (1,v'1
qu1cl rn~u~~t tn
th ( TUH ORS • con 1roC1 rb caner, l r ~ Ch!Cll for DNA do~oqr lt~U l llt:l,c
\ Ldisearc 1 uNroNr@ufD cu1
STEn Cf llc
I
ROltlNS Pto9ttttion = DIVISION
i,ouqritrr c<'f/f StParated thNJ WWc%it11./ ,tplOctd !) L .l
~NA ,tptira\;on . durto rnanqcr
ding rJt1lrr
osm otk ll(S 5ft0 m me
Slrr oun
TOTIPOTEN r
1 ;--. J ctl/ s,z.e ,n Oct; rft'J cf
1roct inq to flGEING 9amctriJ, )
cJ mr,osis l1 '<If CJ/err tt!]uiato,r
(an «r ' •ll" ··h
" • U< 01e
~ \._ Ott FOnn
d•ffttmtl~ to nom,0.1 Wt! q tht h,rl,
,
. onlij prt~nrh0-- } ed • st aq . ,_ _ ---- ,
- ~ . ~
,n 111arrrn11ts ,n on ,_J , ' . ,-J
und in 5trm crll ...- -._ _/ . . . ran promot e divid e ma n'"
1gno1tcS1gna1.r l con fT\Ot fQClOrJ
cth c1,
finr ft'I'-< dm s,ons"f '_,) _ro • ear1 morula
otc _E,O TEN C Y und 1ff!t-ennatcd• t"' d,n
nuc1rus
dr1 t!'fic t f1t1 0s1 s 1 \ . . l D01 r11t in rn,to s,s .,.hr tt all
bf tn,g ~M lhC ( IJ'l Orf tim trth a~a
ltl1in9 Hlc_r11 to oNr , grtlW1h
cs Sho ~1 d rd
trnb llJO
dc~IOP into z4q iroio~tt•
VOf'l/inq abiUIIJcf
)iunrprc,al.iscd gamttt1
,d .011 , Htios,s atto thrchti>mosomnd11 1 • OLiqn ntw oiood Mll' m1 ccubcfOrt'
j Stopd;vid•n9 unUkt bod ~ w 1,
r l e n r lflf t ,_, [1!;: ,.. ,., :l ct-,!d to SP• '5oth(CJ ca11 loSioq tht!r(apocih
pttJdUW 4 dau9nttr REg
~~Hq ro _
Ip1jcm,a on~ Cf tnr WIS o Ql q thHOI
und ,n ontrnbi'lj_ IU
~rrm cet1 1to
tf_to,n he 011 q t11~;~
0 0
01111s,0 N ,nd d·rn·sion ,- .
lm; rosi s ,,,- 11 1tSS t1s
9rt(1J(l/qtn• to dlv1dc ,..,
i
7d
Htf diffcrrntiateinto gcnri cr11s llot orcu, uno- 1 thlr nurn ·tntt onot unango
~rt~%m1ro- tmbnioruccr - iiiur O b,ut~ to . " . ~
I - __
SP('Cialistd mt • 1 to1, , hoPP cns con be
invo111td divide~ m,to fif .. , --.1
P0111 cr 1Jomo109ous 1im1ta,
to m 4c4Ucc/ ANGIOGE'N£SIS "'1fr!IS1Anc so APOPTOSIS l pr<>9ro_m-c :1
crl_' droth) unae, ccna .t,""5
Labte ro unde,gorell dm 5ro n
t .,.
t4pc1 r' . -
Lt ""t t -=1' cc-II ove chromosome, Ott ---- COl'l mig1t1tr to othe r qer thlS:n
, ron fl)rm 1
al/
Pl UR\ PQffNT ~
t4pcrqc~riited
,,., r and ovtr
L; . SOUl'(.t ,., neH cetlr nfWIQIZ
/ fl)<: sr~ rort ct ifl/o Ht/ .
--:- ---I
II pail{ ~ chl'l
pttrtnr ,n each
dauqhte• eel' OH'
lma lld!
_ ~
Pao-s ~ tt\e bod11~ 1-ih•C h "'a.
a nun,,,;u ectl
id vrg
1
~
1,s1urt4J)(\ th -r
th
to /lltCrmtd•ot< ·· _ 11 Tel~
. C' . C1
t \..
can no 1 .,/ l . \. onqinr q
cnt ,n diffcrtnt tt1fl(l
diffrttntiare ,nro a
j (imitrd numi:c- q. crll
gdruH1
t-.c opmcnr
{
RFT [R Ortcm
t I "" ' on/~ cor11o;n r
u~~r:itaq qrr ;r ro s jaro
r-ed
~ ).
4 ;ff\ ,I '
.
\ ·~
,: ,. So.mHJIClopha!C
-1.
,"""1, .. .. .,.
. .
tissue rtp air . crudif nrn!iotrJ
.._
rom i ':''=>~ c pt:tJ
a)
:.-.
l'()rl4 tmb npl Cf wrot!in an
Nt"\
1 ·
1010 forms 4 hoptoid '- ~ l~;J~ ~II tncn
organ•
c:::'~hertart a1so orqonis. ,
ljpr i it .IOlfl thr
ob1h l1Lto tt H~
dauqhtcr Wit in tdtal Mi d Prop - "
lQ/c n,r,h alt 1 l• occun•the
fth1ca1 issurJ MULJ/pQT lf!r chQnct ti imn,unc
rtmtion if rotrn frt>m enc ~1 '15 Pt eia li1cd• (Oll't_(hOOIJ'
. divi de, rntm Jhe Go phair + OSf
Sarrt os Pfltlphosr in mito s;s but
MrtaPhasr f
~ ,t ,;
~Etl U CllOl
chromos ome
'I cf
l
1amc pnu~nt . r pa, r AnaphC!St 1
sou~ \
hotd _to_ilOl~tc•
IW eth,ccll 1ssucr1nvoivcd dif
f~n tlo tio n is ncctISOt'lJ
l ctlll in mu1ticr11u10,
/ tht homo10 ous rhromos ornr Same as metaphose lll! homotooous nu~ • to f <trm
/
d,ff!'rrnt,ation II up. form,nq0~ IVIIL£NTS in mitoi;;s f~ctpt hOITIJloQous ch~mosomeJ orf
lt
.~ t (rill haw- Od tcd
trm t ro1'Winan or oni ms
s rlolirr to ,.
f Cross,ng "'~ can occur
d,p101d
!(Orte d • DI- ct,romosoll'lf, n\it mbtc a1ong PUll( d to op Jt(l)O'lCI hOp101d ,s
) r tot1 ~.:'1~ \._
'Tissue(adu lt) st°" '
Slrm renr Ort Uft for Ol'l] to diff
to~~on ~iff t ~I rOltJ in . / .1'5
JG' h• mt lOPhOSt PIOtt inS ttOd q'
Ern bni onic stem TYP E I OJ A8E1H ( Qnism • 10 ~01-C
r1 t orqonf cr -. tnrc~romob~ toy comptm~
ct!IS - prm ~t thl'QUghout monv
<;ha per t 111CJ + t1Hu · indi vidu ol ch" 'mo som
}tint lO tuch oth "'T't lOphos
u1n ~ound rn boll( mom:iw rt{lei•mmdtlt A ha ~
ce11s unc q:!tl) contain di fettnl alian tntthrotljfCJ hOrt no I - -
1 pttsrnt at Q rttlj . ,, • Sam, 01 tt1~p hO!r
f Ma mm ~ ,
ram, stoqr (1 CITlblljO ltCO mult lpOI Clll
n b! oro1ir1011~ triqqcrtd
1 ~l'l:;rnirn~ orqa nc11
5
cr
OUCIOlf Or o~qonttlcf 10 tnc9
havta Pro pho sr ;t
\:ta 11~; ,n ~~t th~
.
.I , -,, . in mito sis.
. C1J!ok1ncsis rr5UII.!
dt\1'.lopmmt p~rr nt produc,ng crllr SPIN~l INJ\JR1£ ctn q 110 doqJ - nw l to be • Thr chro
mosomr (11ill
ond rn1r ue; ---,: ---c :,--
'find,,;dU01ch<0rnos ,
d J00!> 90Sll r ~ ,...,_. ~ ,. doug hier c.en, -
'1rto~hasr ~
me puri \.it!!p drJc pu11e .,
lOf ltra wttr thr mQlf to beco Lrtl(ottd mo!{mm t ~ch rom ot bci... :i , , "-" ,,
lunporcntcy intht PQOCttaJ ttp1accd cons-ronttij poirf oftcrd111s,on <f ThCi, will be hop lOfd
~yst l~ lio br toke rou h, nd limbs tbc-comr YJm ,,, aga in . a.
~g \\~~ nowUl Neu troPhilr lil't for 6 hou1
to 1-+ Ott The 1nd1 nd ua1 ction -:-
n f\'l7ll'I domoqed bone marw,,J ...}luc ltor m11r1op r rnos om,r ommb1e on Jis. the ctnt rom trtl
. , ~ dur td redu
= a kI down• spindle chm • a1soqmrtrra114
rona _111ho hod
~rel/I art ,n
lliCO I cord q, otwoom rorc1 1 rtplo u d b stcn, ulli in the
4 . p1otr U llr mitO ~ same or : " . Pot mlc tll
thr pluripottnr 11aqc umb SP1n a1 4 h ti
lf'¥c.ction fOl'l1lOtion bfqint
thr mcta phQ St
O\'tr tne tico/ 10 ano)>h(UCm1n
• •
d1fftlt nt from tiic hot Nr. Pfndent
babier our .to cross,nqlont 1 tOilr
due tt, cross ngovtr+ tndfarro
hic dc~ ~~ ,n~ ~rs ~t~ ~~_ . . thronoatid1 ore no Q)" )tr i(i!n r1tntni
sn: 1 1 SP' Bll?l\WS 9$ptti5~n·gypn
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller annawoodbridge. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £4.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
52510 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now