this document contains the key information that you will need for your living under Nazi rule GSCE exam - including key dates, people and events that if revised effectively will surely help you get a grade 7+
27 Feb 1933 – the Reichstag fire – blamed a Dutch communist (Marinus van der Lubbe) – Hitler +
Nazis blamed the communists – Hitler gained emergency powers (allowing him to arrest people
without trial) – arrested 4,000 communists
5 mar 1933 – used the police and SA to march around + intimidate other party members, they broke
up meetings of social democrats – gained 44% of the votes – still not the 2/3 majority Hitler needed
24 mar 1933 – the enabling act was passed – this was done by persuading the centre party by
promising to protect the catholic church – banned communist from voting and only the social
democrats voted against it – the act allowed Hitler to pass laws without the approval of the Reichstag
– passed by 444 to 94 votes
e.g. the civil service act – banned all political opponents and non-Aryan people from government
positions and were fired. 1 April 1933 – boycott of all Jewish shops and businesses, SA officers posted
outside of shops to prevent people from entering. By July he banned all political parties
29-30 June 1934 – the night of the long knives – concerned about the SAs growing power – 3 million
members – could overthrow Hitler – also he had to reassure the army who also had the power to
overthrow him – arrested + killed high ranking SA officials and officers – including Ernst Rohm their
leader
2 august 1934 – president Hindenburg died – Hitler joined the offices of presidency and chancellor –
and appointed himself Fuhrer (supreme leader) – also made the army take a oath of loyalty to Hitler
personally – swore to obey and risk their lives for Hitler
Nazi terror:
Heinrich Himmler + ss – made up of men of pure German blood with ideal Aryan features – rose to
power in 1934 by helping Hitler remove the SA – showing their Ruthlessness + obedience
Reinhard Heydrich + SD – official intelligence gathering – identify actual or potential enemies of the
Nazi leadership – spied on all aspects of education, the arts, government, and administration +
churches and the Jewish community - tracked foreign reporting of German affairs
Gestapo + block leaders – gestapo were the secret police - would spy on the public – tap telephone
lines and open mail in mail boxes – at the height of their power they had 15k officers 1 for 4,400
people – block leaders were men who were given the role of getting to know those in 40 to 60
residences of their area
The police – were controlled by the ss – extended their powers under Nazi control – important part
of the terror system
Judges + courts – judges had to swear a oath to Hitler – sentences during the Nazi era became more
severe
Concentration camps – In early years mostly imprisoned political opponents but in the mid 1930s
other ‘criminals’ began to arrive
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