this document contains they info on every subtopic within the peace and conflict topic including the relevant reference to religious scripture for they key points and info - if revised effectively will help you get a grade 7+
Peace: Jesus promoted peace – ‘those who live by the sword die by the sword’, said to his disciples
in the garden of Gethsemane – violence = wrong – ‘love thy neighbour’, should promote peace even
with enemies – ‘Islam’ means peace – Allah is the source of peace – one of Allah’s 99 names is ‘As-
salaam’ meaning the source of peace
Justice: Christians believe justice is very important – Jesus’ golden rule to treat others as they would
want to be treated – so if someone is being mistreated stand up for them – e.g., Martin Luther King
Jr (Christian Baptist minister and activist) fought against change in 1960s America – led peaceful
protests against the unjust treatment of black people – seeking an end to the era of racial prejudice
Forgiveness: significant to both Christians and Muslims – both believe criminals should be punished
but also treat them fairly – involves forgiving them and helping them become a better person – Jesus
taught to ‘turn the other cheek’, ‘forgive not just 7 times but 70x7 times’ – Jesus’ death was
atonement for original sin – allowed God to forgive humans and rebuild the relationship between
humans and God – in Islam its said who ever forgives and makes amends will be rewarded by Allah –
but for forgiveness we must be truly sorry and recognise what we did wrong + pledge to not do it
Reconciliation: restore harmony after a relationship has been broken-down – Christians believe that
Jesus’ death was reconciliation with God - should promote peaceful relationships and mend broken
relationships where possible – e.g., Corry Meela community in Northern Ireland
Causes of war:
Greed: often war fought to gain land, money or power – purely due to selfishness and are willing to
cause casualties and harm in order to meet their desires – e.g., civil war in Sierra Leone caused by its
diamond mines – Qur’an warns against greed, ‘God does not like arrogant, boastful people who are
miserly’
Self-defence: have no choice but to fight back if under attack – e.g., the Falklands war in 1982 was
self-defence by the UK after the invasion of the Falkland Islands by Argentinian forces – Qur’an
allows it ‘permission to fight has been given to those who are being fought, because they were
wrong, and indeed God has the power to give them victory’
Retaliation: act of harming someone because they harmed you – war fought for this is done when a
country feels its the most appropriate response to being harmed – e.g., the Afghanistan war was
justified by the US as they believed that the country had supported the Al-Qaeda (terrorist group
responsible for the act of terrorism on 9/11) – Bible supporting retaliation, ‘an eye for an aye’ – bible
against retaliation, ‘never take revenge but leave it to the wrath of God’
Religion is involved: political wars can have a religious element to them – fought due to religious
and political views – e.g., Syrian civil war involved a struggle for political power but involved religion
as it escalated the existing Sunni and Shi’a Muslims in the region
Religion is the cause: war fought because of different religions or religious interpretations – causing
conflict due to disagreeing on religious issues or beliefs – e.g., after the death of Prophet
Muhammad PBUH there was a violent struggle for power between Sunnis and Shi’as
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