Very detailed mind maps of Edexcel A level Social Psychology notes - these helped me get an A* at AS and predicted an A* for my A level
It includes the AO1 details of the studies and theories you need to know and also the AO3 evaluation
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More on Ethics Evaluation GRAVE
Consent: Generalisability:
The participants weren't informed of their proper role in the • Unrepresentative of a modern day target population as only men were tested and not women
study so they couldn’t give informed consent • May have been representative of Germans in WW2
Confidentiality: • There is bias as it was done by volunteer sampling
They didn't give consent for their data to be saved and Reliability:
therefore weren’t sure if they would stay anonymous
• The procedure was standardised and each participant experienced the same experience
Deception: • Due to the experiment being filmed it has inter-rater reliability
They were lied to about the true aim of the study • There were moments when the experimenter deviated off the script according to
Gina Perry and at one point he allegedly gave 20 prods before allowing the
Debriefing: participants to leave. Suggests the procedure may not be standardised
Milgram’s Study
Participants were thoroughly debriefed using open-ended
questions and were reunites with the victim to show no harm Evaluation Applications:
was done and that their behaviour was normal
• Could prove era bound obedience such as soldiers in WW2, they may
Withdrawal: retain the obedience later on after the war ended as they were
used to following orders
Once the experiment had started they couldn’t leave
Observation: Validity:
• The tasks wouldn’t be natural as shocking people isn’t an everyday
Participants didn’t know they were being films and notes were
activity (poor external validity)- it was an artificial setting
being taken on them. Since it was a private setting they should
have given consent
Ethics:
Protection:
• Breached the protection of harm ethical guidelines as some
It caused some people to have seizures and most of the participants experienced psychological harm
participants didn’t leave in the same state that they came in
• Debriefing was attempted to ease the participants guilt
(psychologically and physically)
, Variation 7 (Telephonic instructions):
Variation 7 (Telephonic instructions):
• Aimed to explore immediacy and proximity of the
• A strength is that it has high external validity as other
authority figure
research has been done and shown similar results.
• All aspects of original study were the same with one
• Shows that Milgram’s results on physical proximity
exception
generalise well to other situations (naturalistic ones
• Mr Wallace was in a different room to the participants and as well)
gave instructions over the phone
Variation 10 (Run down office block):
• Only 22.5% went to 450V and in the absence of the
• A strength is that Milgram collected both quantitative
experimenter, some participants pretended to shock
and qualitative data in the form of audio recordings
the learner at a higher level than they actually were
of dialogue between the participants and the
Variation 10 (run down office block): researcher
• Aimed to investigate whether the setting of the Variation 13 (ordinary man giving instructions):
experiment had any impact on obedience
• This variation lacks internal validity as the withdraw of
• All details were the same as original study apart form the the experimenter from the lab was awkward making
location– a run down office in the Bridgeport area the aim of this variation almoct impossible to
near Yale • Once the experimenter had explained achieve
the general purpose of the study
• All links to Yale were removed; the researchers said that • Milgram says there were many traces of so-called
he was ‘called away’ and left the
they were from a private firm ‘derived authority’ as it was the experimenter who
room
• 47.5% obedience rate had initially described the study and the idea of
• The ‘recorder’ then proceeded to give giving the shocks
Variation 13 (Ordinary man giving instructions): instructions to the participant
• This suggests obedience may be even lower in situations
• Aimed to test the legitimacy of the authority figure using the system of the original
where the person giving the orders is completely
study but the idea here is that
• In this variation there were 2 confederates: the learner and unrelated to any authority figure or institutional
the recorder suggested it
the recorder context
• Only 20% obeyed the instructions
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