A level AQA Psychology revision booklet for all and extra information you need to know to receive that grade A. Revision booklet contains information only on Memory (chapter 2 of AQA).
Easy to understand notes with headings of different subsections, pictures to understand better and A03 case stud...
Revision booklet for Memory
Including: models, explanations, testimony and scientific
studies.
, Multi Stage Model of Memory
What is memory?
The ability to recall something that has previously been learnt.
3 stages in the memory process:
-Encoding -Storage -Retrieval
Main types of memory:
-Short term -Long term
A memory trace is a physical representation of the information in the
brain.
MULTI STAGE MODEL of MEMORY
Duration- how long it’s held
there
Capacity- how much is there
Coding- how it’s stored
What is it?
Atkinson & Shiffrin stated that there are 3 unitary stores to our memory
linked to each other by the process of transferring information in a fixed
sequence to the next store.
Sensory register:
Collects information through our 5 senses, information lasts milliseconds
unless attention has occurred (goes to STM). However all non-valuable
, information decays. Capacity is limitless due to it constantly receiving
information.
Short-term memory:
Information held here can be used for immediate tasks. It has a limited
duration of 18 seconds if rehearsal is prevented. Maintenance rehearsal is
where we repeat things over and over again and this information will go
to LTM. Coding here is acoustic. It has a 7 +/_ 2 capacity that we
remember 7 items in immediate memory, sometimes more or less.
Chunking can help remember sequences. Information however can decay
or be displaced. (Old info knocked out due to new relevant info)
Long-term memory:
Capacity and duration are both limitless, capacity can’t be measured
scientifically as we can’t replicate it. Coding is semantic, has meaning.
Although we can forget memories due to decay, interference (mixing up
with another memory) or failure to retrieve.
Retrieval is the process of getting information from LTM to the STM to
be available for use.
Key Terms to use in questions about MSMM:
Unitary stores, each individual memory store
Internet process, the type of process
Fixed linear sequence, has to go through each store
Maintenance rehearsal, recalling information
Displacement, when info is lost in STM due to a new one entering
7+/_2 , theory that we remember 7 items. (Could be less or more)
Interference, when LTM info gets mixed up with other occasions
Stores are passive, holds info before being passed on or lost
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