What are the physiological changes of aging - ANSWER 1. Reduced physiological reserve of most body systems
2.Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust
3. Changes in the sympathetic response
4. Impaired immunological function- infection risk is greater and autoimmune diseases are more pr...
what factors influence lab value interpretation in the older adult
what lab values is important
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N6540 Midterm
What are the physiological changes of aging - ANSWER 1. Reduced physiological
reserve of most body systems
2.Reduced homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust
3. Changes in the sympathetic response
4. Impaired immunological function- infection risk is greater and autoimmune diseases
are more prevalent.
What factors influence lab value interpretation in the older adult - ANSWER 1.
physiological changes with aging
2. the prevalence of chronic disease
3. changes in nutritional and fluid intake
4. Lifestyle
What lab values is important - ANSWER Creatinine clearance, GFR and renal function
What are examples of drugs are eliminated renally - ANSWER Digoxin, H2 blockers,
lithium and water-soluable antibiotics
What are the two formulas to evaluate the kidney function - ANSWER The Cockcroft-
Gault formula and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)
What neurological conditions commonly have an initial onset in older age? - ANSWER
Parkinson's, dementia, stroke, and complex partial seizures
What are geriatric syndromes - ANSWER Diseases that involve multiple systems and
have more than one underlying cause
What are the geriatric syndrome giants currently - ANSWER Frailty, anorexia of aging,
sarcopenia and cognitive impariment
What are bimodal presentations of disease - ANSWER Diseases that can present in a
younger age and an older age.
What are examples of bimodal diseases? - ANSWER Psoriasis, Inflammatory bowel
disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's disease, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myasthenia
gravis
What is primary prevention? - ANSWER Activities to prevent the occurrence of a
disease or adverse, including mental health
What is secondary prevention - ANSWER Tasks directed towards detection of a
disease or adverse health condition in an asymptomatic individual who has risk factors
What is tertiary prevention - ANSWER The management of existing conditions to
prevent disability and minimize complications to prevent disability for optimal function
, N6540 Midterm
What is the key to increasing geriatric physical activity - ANSWER motivation
What is the nutrition screening tool for community dwelling older adults - ANSWER Mini-
Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
What factors affect maintaining a healthy balanced diet in geriatrics? - ANSWER 1.
Chronic illness and disability-related to ADLs like shopping and meal preparation,
2. Financial hardships-limit food choices
3. Prescribed medications-affects absorption of nutrients, sense of taste or appetite
4. Depression or social isolation
5. Obesity
What is a big influence of geriatric functionality and quality of life? - ANSWER Injury
prevention
What are important 6 areas of geriatric safety prevention - ANSWER 1. Safe storage
and removal of firearms
2. Fall prevention
3. Wearing seatbelts
4. no drinking and driving
5. Having a working smoke detector
6. Keeping hot water set below 120 degrees
Periodic screening of gums and mouth can screen for what? - ANSWER 1. Oral cancer
2. ill-fitting or poorly functioning dentures
3. Periodontal disease
4. Erosion of dentin
5. dependence on others for dental resources
What screening tools are covered by Medicare? - ANSWER 1.HIV
2. Alcohol misuse
3. Smoking cessation
4. Depression
5. High blood pressure
6. Blood glucose r/t cardiovascular risk assessment
7. Lipids screening
8. Mammography until aged 75
9. Osteoporosis
10. Colorectal cancer
What are the immunizations recommended for geriatrics? - ANSWER 1. influenza-
annually for all over 50
2. Tetanus-diphtheria (Tdap)-once in a lifetime booster, then every 10 years
3. Pneumococcal -1 time dose of PCV13 at 65 years old then PPSV23 1 year (12
months) later
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