This includes a total of three 6-mark and three 12-mark questions on the topic of Regenerating Places for the Edexcel Geography AS and A-Level.
All 6-mark questions received 5 or 6 marks, whilst all 12-mark questions received between 10-12 marks.
For a local place that you have studied, explain why people’s sense of identity has been
influenced by the economic and social change it has experienced. (6 marks)
Planned by the LDDC, the London Docklands have undergone regeneration which has seen a
change of function from docklands to a financial hub. The old residents who used to live and
work there feel like their sense of identity has been stripped away with the closure of the
docks and they cannot associate with the new, expensive high-rise buildings, which bring
along new residents with a more individual and less communal sense of identity. Many feel a
loss of identity as they have been pushed out of the area due to the sudden increase in land
value. Plus, the low skilled workers cannot identify with the new, highly skilled workers who
were attracted by to the area by high paying jobs offered by banks such as HSBC. These new
workers have developed their own sense of identity within the area at the expense of the old
workers who have suffered a massive loss of identity.
Explain two different strategies that local governments can use to attract regeneration.
(6 marks)
One strategy is sport-led regeneration. This can be one off events such as the London 2012
Olympics which regenerate an area in the long term. For example, the Olympics saw the
creation of new offices and a new digital creative hub along with 10,000 new homes and
permanent sports venues such as the Aquatics Centre. This new infrastructure attracts
regeneration. Another strategy is culture-led regeneration. For example, some places have
marketed place associations such as London with Charles Dickens which attracts tourism and
regeneration into the area. There may also be the development of art galleries and cultural
quarters to attract regeneration.
Explain how science parks can be used to attract investment (6 marks)
, One way science parks attract investment is via location. For example, the Thames Valley
science park is located next to the University of Reading which attracts businesses as this
provides them with access to equipment and students for research. As a result, the businesses
invest in that area. Plus, many companies (such as the 80 at the Thames Valley) want to
locate together so they can collaborate and save money on equipment and transport costs.
This increases their profits and brings more money into the local area. Also, with many
businesses locating there, it is likely they will invest more in the local area. For example,
there has been investment in improving the transport infrastructure in the area around the
Thames Valley science park.
Assess the extent to which economic regeneration brings benefits to rural areas. (12
marks)
Cornwall has undergone lots of economic regeneration, such as the development of the Eden
Project and Newquay aerohub, and although this was not always as successful as was hoped,
the regeneration has definitely benefitted this rural area economically and socially, but not
environmentally.
Cornwall has benefitted economically from economic regeneration. An example of a
beneficial form of economic regeneration is the development of the Eden Project in Cornwall.
With a total cost of £140 million (part funded by the National Lottery), the project has
provided Cornwall’s economy with £1.1 billion since 2001, an economic success. It provides
Cornwall with year-round tourism, solving the issue of seasonal tourism due to its coastal
location and providing a boost to the local economy.
Cornwall has also benefitted socially from economic regeneration. For example, the Eden
project directly employs 500 staff along with the 3000 people it indirectly employs. These
jobs are very socially beneficial. However, not all regeneration has been socially beneficial.
The Newquay aerohub, for example, was expected to provide 700 jobs but only provided
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