Grade 9 Notes
Contain detailed notes for ALL case studies needed e.g. Nigeria, UK, Kenya etc
Marked by a senior Geography exam marker and examiner
I used these notes for my mocks as well as my GCSEs - made me go from a 6 in Year 10 to a 9 (in mocks) in Year 11
These notes can be used for ev...
UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT
-> That development takes place at different rates in different regions
CAUSES
ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES
Climate
Droughts are common in dry, tropical temperatures – causing crops to suffer. e.g. the Sahel region
in Africa suffers from lack of rainfall - which causes droughts.
People have less crops to sell, so less money to spend on goods/services
Less is sold, the Government gets less tax money
Natural Hazards
Floods [e.g. in Bangladesh] and tectonic hazards can limit FUTURE GROWTH and destroy
building/agricultural areas
Reducing the quality of life + the amount of tax that could be spent on recovery projects
Free Raw Materials
Countries without many raw materials [like coal/oil] have fewer products to export
Meaning they tend to make less money that could be spent on projects
Poor Farming Land
If the land has steep sides/poor soil, it will be difficult to grow crops/graze animals on
European countries have colonized many different countries all around the world be
ECONOMIC FACTORS and 20th Centuries
The colonisers removed the RAW materials and sold back as MANUFACTURE
Poor Trade Links
Profit went
Trade is the exchange of goods/services to thecountries
between colonisers, rather than the countries – increased INEQUALITY
World trade patterns (who Colonisation
trades withprevented the countries
who) influence fromeconomy,
a country’s developing their own
affecting it’s LEVEL of
development
1. trade links it won’t make a lot of money
If a country has poor
2. CONFLICT
Increase Debt War (especially Civil War), can slow/reduce the development even when the war is
VERY POOR countriesborrow Money is spent
money fromonother
ARMS + TRAINING
countries, e.g. SOLDIERS instead
to help recover of development
from a natural
disaster People killed + damage to buildings. Important services like healthcare, are disrupte
This money has to be paid back [sometimes with INTEREST] so there’s less money
e.g. in Syria the HDI value was 0.65 but after 5 years of war (2016), it dropped to 0.5
An economy based on PRIMARY PRODUCTS:
1. COLONISATION:
Countries that export primary products tend to be less developed than those who sell
Countries that export
MANUFACTURED primary
products products
as they tendfor
are sold tomore
be less developed than those who sell
profit
MANUFACTURED products
e.g. in 2018, the price as they are sold for more profit
of cocoa dropped below the cost of production in Ghana
WEALTH
e.g. in 2018, the priceof cocoa
Peopledropped belowcountries
in developed the cost of production
have in Ghana
more income than those in less developed
e.g. the average UK GNI per head is 40x more than those in Chad
Wealth can also create INEQUALITIES within a country e.g. Kensington v.s Newham
Wealth can impact peoples standard of living – the wealthy can afford goods and se
their lives more comfortable
, THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
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