Summary
Summary AQA Psychology Social influence revision table
- Module
- Social Influence
- Institution
- AQA
AQA revision table including A01 and A03 points to structure 16 mark essays and summarise content
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A01:OBIDIENCE: A03
Blassevidence:
and Schmidt – showed students a film of A03: evaluation
Limited explanation, agency theory doesn’t
Milgram’s experiment and found they blamed explain why some people don’t obey, may not
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS:
Mr Wallace (the experimenter), supporting apply to all situations of obedience.
Agency theory: evidence for legitimate authority.
Cultural differences support idea that
Agentic state – A mental state of feeling no Hofling – studied nurses to see if they would obedience reflects society’s hierarchy. Killham
responsibility for your actions, feeling that administer a higher dose of a drug if ordered to and Mann found that when replicating
you’re acting as an agent of someone else. by a ‘doctor’ found that 21/22 nurses did Milgram’s study, only 16% of ppts in Australia
Suggesting the idea that obedience occurs to administer the drug as they obeyed the obeyed to the top level, whereas in Germany it
destructive authority because there is no believed authority figure, support for a was 85% this shows how different societies and
feelings of responsibility. Such as Nazi Germany legitimate authority. cultures have different views of authority
figures. Cross cultural research increases the
Autonomous state – opposite of agentic, Bickman – found 80% of people obeyed a validity of the theory.
people feel free to behave to their own command to pick up litter when the person was
principles. Independent and feel responsible for dressed in a guards uniform, compared to 40%
their actions with no uniform. Support for legitimate
authority.
Agentic shift – The shift from an autonomous
to an agentic state. Milgram suggested this Bushman – found someone dressed in a
occurs when a person perceives someone as an fireman’s uniform was obeyed more than
authority and higher in the social hierarchy, so someone in civilian’s clothes regardless of the
they defer responsibility and shift from task. Support for legitimate authority.
autonomous to agentic
Legitimacy of authority – an explanation of
obedience that which suggests we are more
likely to obey people we believe to have an
authority over us, which comes from believing
they are ‘above’ us in the societal hierarchy
, A01:
SITUATIONAL VARIABLES: A03 evidence:
Miranda et al – found cross cultural evidence A03: evaluation
Methodology criticism, Milgram’s research
for Milgram’s results after studying Spanish lacks internal validity as it lacks realism and
Proximity – Milgram adapted his study to test
students, support for theory of situational participants are likely to guess the aim (demand
situational factors of obedience. Proximity
variables as it can be applied ton a wider characteristics) and act accordingly, this effects
meaning the physical distance between the
population than Milgram’s original study. the validity of results and the theory as it
authority figure and person obeying. Found
cannot be proved Milgram was testing what he
that obedience decreased for 65% to 40% when Bickman – found 80% of people obeyed a thought he was testing.
the teacher and learner were in the same command to pick up litter when the person was
room, 30% when having to force the learners dressed in a guards uniform, compared to 40% Orne and Holland criticised that the study lacks
hand onto plate and 20% when orders where with no uniform. Support for legitimate realism, the change of situational variables such
given over the phone authority. as swapping the experimenter for a member of
the public was not believable.
Location – Milgram also changed the location Bushman – found someone dressed in a
his study was set in from prestigious yale fireman’s uniform was obeyed more than
university to a rundown building. This reduced someone in civilian’s clothes regardless of the
obedience to 47.5% from 65% task. Support for legitimate authority.
Uniform – When the experimenter was called
away and the role was taken over by a
‘member of the public’ in ordinary clothes, as
appose to the experimenter in a lab coat,
obedience rates dropped to 20%
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