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Summary Intelligence and personality theories
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- Cardiff University (CF)
A quick document of the main theories in intelligence and personality.
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Discuss how individual differences in intelligence and personality may be associated with differencesin cerebral cortex.
Core theories in intelligence:
Spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence:
- Every different intellectual activity involves a general factor and a specific factor
- First to introduce the concept of general intelligence called the g factor
Theory of multiple intelligences: Gardner
- Conventional concept of intelligence was too narrow and restrictive and that measures of IQ often
miss out on other "intelligences" that an individual may possess
- People have multiple ways of learning and thinking
- 8 Major types of intelligence including mathematical, linguistic, and musical intelligence
- Opened doors for future research
Triarchic Approach to intelligence: Sternberg
- Although agreed with Gardner that intelligence is broader than a single general ability-
suggested that Gardener’s types of intelligence are better viewed as individual talents
- Proposed the concept of “Successful intelligence” involving 3 factors
- Analytical intelligence
- Creative intelligence
- Practical intelligence
Neuron Density
Cortical size
Einstein’s cortex
FMRI
Core theories of Personality
Sigmund Freud: Personality compromised of 3 structures
- ID, Ego, Superego
- Personality develops through psychosexual images: oral, phallic, latency and genital
Allport’s Trait Approach/ Theory
- Organized characteristics that made up an individual’s personality into 3 main categories
- Cardinal traits
- Central traits
- Secondary traits
- Person’s personality is determined at birth through biological means
- He hypothesized that an individual's experiences and environment played a role in shaping
their personality. According to Allport, an individual's personality is influenced by their
childhood experiences, present environment, and the interaction between the two
concepts; this was a ground-breaking hypothesis.
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