Checkpoints: socialisation 29th APRIL 2021
30 March 2021 16:14
Culture
Briefly define the following terms and give an example of each:
- Culture - way of life of a society which includes, norms, values, morals, beliefs, knowledge, Ways of life
traditions, customs, music, language and fashion. Culture varies hugely across the world
- Subculture - refers to a minority grouping of people who share distinct norms, values, beliefs, Different, within a dominant culture Folk culture - associated with pre-industrial socieities
dress code and language which differentiate from the dominant mainstream culture
-
- Values - are principles of belief that society views as important, such as personal freedom, love principles
of monarchy and country.
- Norms - they stem from values and refers to behaviour which is normal and therefore socially Normal + acceptable
acceptable. They include personal hygiene, wearing clothes, brushing our teeth, queuing etc.
- Cultural diversity - refers to a variety of culture or ethnic groups within a society Variety in society
- Cultural hybridity - refers the combining of two or more cultures emerging. Which can be linked Combine + emerge
to the process of globalisation
- Popular culture - refers to activities and cultural products which are enjoyed by the masses of Masses
society and are available for all. They include television, football, newspapers, pop music, and
reading books
- high Culture - refers to cultural products and activities that are allocated exceptionally high High status
status.
Encouraged to value
- Consumer culture - refers to the mass media and advertising encouraging individuals to value
materialism and consumerism.
- Global culture (globalisation) - refers to the growing trend of cultural products becoming Universal trend + TNC
universal because they are both produced and marketed globally by transnational corporations
TNC
kim at 03/04/2021 11:00
Briefly define the following terms and give an example of each:
- The nature/nurture debate - nature - characteristics you've inherited from parents e.g.
Intelligence, personality, gendered behaviour, aggressive tendencies. They are biologically
determined traits.
- Socialisation - the process by which an individual learns the norms and values or culture of a
society, which is the way they learn how to be members of a society. The process is carried out by
agencies of primary and secondary socialisation which integrate people into society
- Primary socialisation - refers to the first and most important part of the socialisation process that
occurs during childhood from ages 5-18. Norms and values and taught by parents which are Learning their socialidentity - gender #& seuaxality
needed for child to successfully take their place in society
- Secondary socialisation - refers to socialisation that takes place beyond the family unit Children acquire a sense of who they are, their individual identities and gender and sexuality
Functionalistsa - parsons - an important period as children are socialised into the correct gender roels
- Cultural comfort zones - A peer group where individuals share culture and identity Marxists - values children learn infamily = relfection of ruling-class ideology , turning them into passive
conformists who accept the ineqaulities of society
- Hidden curriculum - ways in which routines and organisations such as the education system, Feminists - family as patriarchal institutions, reproducing inequalities between men and women
subtly shaping pupil's attitudes and behaviours in order to produce conformity such as blind
obedience in the classrooms to higher authority, punctuality and acceptance that their place in
the hierarchy of society is deserved and should not be questioned (Bowles and Gintis)
- Resocialisation - when an individual is socialised within a different society to their particular norms
and values
- Social control -
- Sanctions
Suggeste Mead 1935 - Bourdieu (1984) Cultural McLuhan (1984) Nayak (2003)
d Studies comparing tribal Capital Global Village White Wannabes
cultures global village
- Anthropologist - Middle-Class children = World has become a - White British
- Primitive cultures cultural assets - smaller place, which males - dress, act
- sex & gender - not knowledge, behaviour, has been driven by & speak in a way
equivalent attitudes + cultural multinational that is influenced
concepts experience. companies by hip-hop
- Arapesh Tribe - - According to Marxists, cultures e.g ali g.
Males & females = having capital gives the
gentile wealthy power.
- Mundugumor -
Males + females
aggressive
- Tchambuli Tribe -
Males + Female =
roles reversal of
Western roles
Ways of life, dominant mainstream, Principles, Normal + acceptance, Variety (CD), Combine + emerge (CH),
Masses, High Status, Encouraged to value materialism & consumerism, Universal trend + TNC
kim at 04/04/2021 11:31
Bowles and Ginits high curriculum
Agencie Family Peer Group Media Religion kim at 04/04/2021 11:37 Workplace
s of Education
socialis
ation -
- The family is the first - Those of similar age including friendship networks. The - The mass media performs as an informal form Religion has previously promoted social values and was a - Overlaps with the peer group. - For adults.
stage of socialisation peer group is arguably more important parents in of social control, socialising people into right key agent of socialisation in the UK. However due to the - Visible/formal curriculum: - Socialises them into the formal
which happens from shaping the identity of young people as young people and wrong. Feminist sociologists state that the decline of religion within the latter part of the 20th academic subjects taught in rules that underpin
5-18 years old. Parents want to be liked and popular with their peers, so they mass media has negative effects on female century, the decline in religious beliefs and practises schools, tested via exams, organisations e.g. Codes of
use positive and have a strong sense to conform. The peer group can get identity as the media tends to over-sexualise (secularisation) had promoted some sociologists to believe awarded for knowledge conducts + dress.
negative sanctions or them into trouble, functionalists state that the influence women and focus on the ideal body-image that religion was no longer influential today. - Hidden curriculum: routines + - Formal rules backed up with
social controls such as of peer groups on young people and the norms and which over-emphasises thinness and fat- organisation of schools, formal sanctions -> warnings +
praise and punishments values which may form within subcultures can explain shaming. Mulvey's mention of 'the male gaze' classrooms and teaching shape dismissal
to help children learn criminality as subcultures normalise criminal behaviour assess how camera 'eyes up' female pupil attitudes + behaviour to - Informal elements of
the difference between and deviant behaviour as a response to other strains characters which encourages male viewers to produce conformity socialisation in WP e.g.
right and wrong. They created by their social class and lack of opportunities. asses the bodies and attractiveness of - Marxists - Bowles and Waddington 'canteen culture'
also perform as role Tony Sewell states that young people prefer to hang out women. Jock young - bulimic society Gintis(1979) schooling = 'long sets informal rules for getting
models as they in 'cultural comfort zones' of those from similar shadow of work' - unconsciously on with fellow workers. E.g. A
encourage their backgrounds. For example, African-Caribbean boys socialised into norms + values canteen culture existing in
children to imitate their prefer to socialise with other black boys rather than e.g. blind obedience to many police forces, involving
behaviour middle class white boys. authority, and acceptance that racist jokes and banter which
their place un the hierachy of probably contributes to police
society is deserved and should stereotyping and profiling of
therefore not be questioned Black and Asian people as
potential criminals
Tony Sewell - comfort zones, functionalists - deviant peer group behaviour, feminists negative media,
religion 20th century was influential,
sociology Page 1
, Nature = inherited characteristics
Some believe - Male & female biologically determined predispositions to behave in masculine and
feminine was because of hormonal differences
Nurture = skills and behaviour which are taught
- Feminists - if gender roles were biologically determined, men and women would behave the same
way in all societies.
- Margaret Mead - Tchambuli tribe men and women behaved differently than m & w in the West
- People are not born with cultural values or social skills, these are clearly learned & differ across
the world due to social class, ethnicity, religion and the gender of the child.
- Feral Children 'chicken girl' - chicken coop for 10 years - Isabel could not speak, not toilet trained, kim at 06/04/2021 13:25
expressed emotion by beating her arms and drumming her feat, imitating the behaviour of the
hens Importance of nurture
- Wolf Children Kamala & Amala - living with wolves in jungle India, - they howled, walked on fours
and ate directly from a bowl with their hands. • When people haven’t
been given the
opportunity to be part
of the socialisation
process (e.g. feral
children) their ability to
communicate and
respond appropriately
in affected.
From
<https://app.senecalearning.com
/classroom/course/c30a858d-
Social Control - formal & informal agencies of social control in which deviant or abnormal behaviour is a4d2-4746-92d0-
deterred and conformity to the norms and rules of society are reinforced. They use positive or negative b70439fd8fb1/section/817dcd9d-
sanctions to encourage or discourage behaviour. b0f6-42c8-8b88-25fc2877506d/s
Formal agencies of social control ession>
- Police, judges, criminal justice system, security services, military and governments.
- Formal control behaviour of citizens
- Police - reinforce law in a fair manner - some groups are subjected to disproportionate and
unjustified police attention in terms of stop and search.
Informal agencies of social control
- Families - reward and punish children
- Peer groups - positively control by rewarding with friendship. - punish by excluding or bullying
them
- Media - criticise celebrities for being too 'fat' - praise for charity work or bravery
- Religion - reward faithful believers of an afterlife + punish sin with excommunication or threats of
eternal damnation
- Education - reward with praise, good grades, badges - punish - detentions, suspensions
- Workplace - promote 'good' workers - punish - formal warnings or sacking them
Briefly define the following terms and give an example of each:
- Identity - refers to the concept of how you see yourself. Social identity refers to how others see
you
- (ethnic) hybridity -
- Hegemonic masculinity
- Cultural capital
- Social closure
- Social construct
- Infantilisation
- Learned helplessness
Add pic pg 20
sociology Page 2
