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Summary A Level History Democracy and Nazism Revision Essay Plans
15 pages of essay plans for Democracy and Nazism A Level course for AQA exam board. Written by an A* student.
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Weimar and Nazi Germany Essay Plans‘Between November 1918 and January 1919 a revolutionary situation existed in Germany but
no revolution occurred.’
Assess the validity of this view.
Agree - it was a revolutionary system and Disagree - there was no revolutionary
there was no revolution system/ there was a revolution
- November revolution was a bit of a - The Spartacist Uprising Jan 1919
flop - Took 8 days to put down
- Biggest policy they got was - Required Freikorps to
government commitment to put down
holding worker’s councils - However didn’t achieve it’s
(didn’t uphold for long) aims
- Rosa Luxemburg and Karl - The new government under Ebert was
Liebkneckt’s appeal able to function without much
- Government felt threatened by disruption
them so they had to - January elections
assassinate them - Not so successful for
KPD
‘There was little wrong with the Weimar Constitution in theory.’
Assess the validity of this view.
Agree - there was nothing wrong Disagree - there was things wrong
- Gave more freedom to individuals - People could get involved with
- Ability to join political parties extremists by joining political parties
- Proportional Representation meant - Proportional Representation didn’t
everyone’s votes counted give decisive results
- Ability to elect the President = more - Unstable coalitions
democracy - Allowed rise of extremists
- Reichstag chose and - Presidential elections could clash with
approved President’s choice of Reichstag ones if called early
Chancellor - Potential for abuse of office as
- Article 48 provided stability in President appointed the
‘emergencies’ Chancellor
- Reform of legal system - Article 48 did not define ‘emergencies’
- Presumed innocence so could be open for abuse
- Judges did not change so were
sympathetic to the right-wing
- Eg. Hitler after Munich Putsch
‘German horror at the terms of the Treaty of Versailles was the result of unrealistic
expectations.’
Assess the validity of this view.
, Agree - there was unrealistic expectations Disagree - there wasn’t unrealistic
expectations
- Basis on which Armistice was agreed IE: terms were so severe that they didn’t have
- Wilson’s 14 points unrealistic expectations
- Prince Max negotiation
- USA were not in charge of the Treaty - Demilitarisation
of Versailles - Land loss/ territories
- Negotiation was with Allies eg. - Reparations
France (resentful from - Diktat
suffering lots) - No German presence at the
- War guilt clause = unexpected conference
- Didn’t believe they were
responsible for starting the war
‘The Treaty of Versailles weakened the Weimar Republic in the period 1919-1923.’
Assess the validity of this view.
Agree - it did weaken it Disagree - it didn’t weaken it/ something else
did
- Diktat/ stab in the back - Threats from the left
- People = resentful of leaders - Spartacists Jan 1919
- Loss of territory/ land - Trade Unions
- 13% - Growth of Communists at
- Loss of industry = less income elections
- Hostility of people - Threats from the right
- Disarmament - Kapp Putsch 1920
- Less jobs, bad for economy - Munich Putsch (ish)
- Humiliating - Assassinations
- War guilt and reparations - Hyperinflation
- Unexpected - Highly damaging
- Fixed to £6.6 billion in 1921 - Ordinary people suffered
- No money for recovery - 1$ > 4 trillion marks
‘By signing the Treaty of Versailles, Republican politicians dealt a huge blow to the credibility of
the Weimar Republic.’
Assess the validity of this view.
Credibility = the quality of being trusted and believed in
Agree - it did blow the Republic’s credibility Disagree - The Republic was still credible/
something else caused it
- ‘Stab in the back’ myth - Wilson’s 14 Points
, - Right-wing, anti-republicans - Previously agreed to
spread it to undermine the - Thus they could expect
Republic therefore reducing some of the terms
credibility meaning that credibility
- War guilt clause had not been
- Associated Germany with compromised given
defeat and humiliation that these terms
- Failure to secure significant existed longer than the
concessions Republic itself
- None of these attributes give - Constitution
credibility - Lack of stability caused by
- Other terms of the Treaty of Versailles proportional representation
- Land loss - Other ill-thought aspects:
- Demilitarisation relationship between President
- Damaged morale of proud and Chancellor = less
Germans democratic
- Moderates turned their back - Weimar Republic was unable to sign
on the Republic - thus losing up to the League of Nations
credibility - Makes it not seem like a
proper country, thus loses
credibility on the world stage
but also means citizens feel
underrepresented and
betrayed
‘The economic legacy of the First World War was a greater challenge to the Weimar Republic
than the legacy of defeat.’
Assess the validity of this view.
Agree - WW1 economic legacy was the Disagree - legacy of defeat was a greater
greatest challenge challenge
- Debt of 114,000 million marks - Maybe the financial issues weren’t a
- Hard to rebuild and run a problem if they won and could issue
government reparations
- Financed the war through the sale of - Had to accept Treaty of Versailles in
gold 1919
- Now there was hardly any left - Reparations set at £6.6 billion
which is problematic for trade in 1921
- Inflation rising fast, was was funded - Other harsh terms
through printing more money - Fringe groups encouraged the ‘stab in
- 1913-> 1920 = x14 inflation the back’ theory which fitted people
- 1918-> 1919 = x2 inflation against the politicians who ‘betrayed’
- 1919-> 1920 = x4 inflation them
- Many riots etc during this time
‘Inflation was Germany’s main economic and financial problem in the years 1919 to 1922.’
Assess the validity of this view.
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