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FIRST CLASS Lecture notes Genetics

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Evolutionary genetics and speciation lecture notes

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  • August 22, 2022
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  • 2015/2016
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Evolutionary Genetics
Evolution occurs within populations, but this process can lead to ‘splitting’ of
lineages through time – evolution as a ‘branching’ process. These ‘divergent’
populations can become species.

Biological Evolution: genetic (or phenotypic) changes in a group of
organisms
Anagenesis: evolution taking place in a single group (a lineage) with the
passage of time
Cladogenesis: splitting of one lineage into 2, new species arise.

Phenotypic species concept:




Biological species concept:




Phylogenetic species concept: species are ‘tips’ on a phylogeny –
they represent the smallest set of organisms that share a common ancestor and
can be distinguished from other such sets. So variation at the end of a branch on
a phylogeny would all be a single species.

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