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Summary CIE A-Level Biology: Inheritance (A* achieved) £8.56   Add to cart

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Summary CIE A-Level Biology: Inheritance (A* achieved)

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Hi everyone:)) Here are my CIE A2 level Biology topic notes for the syllabus. These notes are tailored to the A level syllabus as well as the mark scheme as if you do enough past paper questions you will see a recurring pattern with the types of questions asked about each topic. My notes include s...

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  • Chapter 16
  • September 1, 2022
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  • 2022/2023
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16 : INHERITANCE
Allo some : ✗ & Y Chromosomes

16.1 -

Role Of Meiosis Autosomes : Pairs 1- 22



somatic cells

mitosis → asexual repro , grown , repair , increase in cell numbers

Meiosis Production of gametes
in
sexually reproducing organisms





genetic variation

sister chromatid





"" " " " ° " "° " " " " °" " "" " ° "
=

"" "" " "
↳ 2 sets diploid ( 2n )

(
=




1 set =
haploid (n)


produced [
centromere

gametes are occurs in me gametes of d
from GERM CELLS [ sexually reproducing organisms :
egg /0rem , sperm ,
pollen


the haploid number is the number of chromosomes in one set
u ,
n complete
kinetochore -




disc-shaped Of chromosomes .




protein where spindle fibers
attached to . humans =
n =
23 2h =
46
,


onion 8 2h 16
=
n =
,
=




REDUCTION DIVISION In sexual reproduction ,
two
gametes
To keep the
fuse to form a
zygote .




-46 '
(4×23)
number of chromosomes +
ploidy to be

2h '
n
constant for one species .




92 Chromatids → ( 46 ✗ 2) Chromatids → (23×4) Chromatids
9 9


if diploid 12h1 parents were used 12h -12h =
4h )
DI DI will not be continued Therefore
species
= .




DI t 1) It =
PMATXZ 2h
parents must make so nth :
n ,




=
NORMAL DIPLOID NUMBER RESTORED




homologous chromosomes •




[ mother p
father
since in fertilisation nth =
2h somatic cells must have 1 ✗ maternal set and I ✗ paternal set
,




sgY§
Pair 23 =
Pair of sex chromosomes




Each pair : some
genes in the same position ( loci ) on the chromosome

:
not necessarily the same forms of allele
of the gene
:
some length and overall size

:
centromere et same
position
:
one chromosome of maternal origin , one chromosome at
paternal
:
some bending
:
come tgt + pair up at Prophase I

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