Lecture notes
Crystal field theory
- Institution
- Cardiff University (CF)
Questions and answers to test yourself for exam prep. Active recall for exam prep. Used to pass 1st-year Foundations of Inorganic Chemistry exam.
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COORDINATION CHEMISTRY- Explain the d-orbital splitting in octahedral complexes
2 orbitals rise in energy due to repulsion with ligands; they are IN
LINE with the orbitals.
3 orbitals fall in energy due to attractive forces with ligands; they
are NOT IN LINE with the orbitals.
- What is the difference in splitting energy called in tetrahedral
complexes?
Δt.
- What does Δt depend on?
The metal, ligand and the charge.
- What is the difference in splitting energy called in octahedral
complexes?
ΔO.
- What factors affect crystal field stabilisation energy?
The nature of the metal and ligand, metal charge, whether the
metal is a 3d, 4d or 5d element.
- What is the spectrochemical series?
The order of ligands in forming stable complexes.
- Which ligands form the most stable/strongest complexes?
CN- and CO – these are very good ligands and are toxic. They
generate a large gap between the orbitals.
- What is ΔO?
Distance/gap between the orbitals splitting.
- What kind of ligands give a large ΔO?
Strong field. Δ0 > P.
- What kind of ligands give a small ΔO?
Weak field ligands. ΔO < P.
- What is P?
Pairing energy.
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