BENZENE Topic / Title / Name /
Prodmt
" Proton
③ Abstraction Reaction Name
Nitration eleltwphilil substitution
Electrophilic
attack It v02 v02
>
, ,g
②
Type of Reaction
↓
.wnHvs04
-
"
un
"" ° "
HNO>
→
n . -7
,
i 1-
,
'
→ + Hzsoy
special thermal conditions (heat / reflux
)
(all acid / alkaline hydrolysis not highlighted)
. . . ..
!
, ,j , , g, f- .
_
- catalyst
ug.name,
↳ all reflux
, ,n,
man ,,µµgmpµµ, ,, , ,, ,
Nitrobenzene exams
electrophile ( ) optional to include in
① Generation
of
21+2504-1 HNO} -71402++217504-+1+30
" 110 on exams /
- Reactions rarely appear
Not important
Halogenation eleitwphilil substitution
③ '+ - 4 PCl5( 5)
Allt} / FeBr ②
(
- .
}
-
absenwotnvlisht ~ a
↑ ↑ C1 504211)
I
anhynwnswnolitions Cl U÷> At
4→ Ai:-C/ Halogen ◦ alkane (1)
-
→
-
C1
-
→ -
+
Hcligl A
,
I 1- 1-
"
temp
fruity smell
room
Ll !
•
"
Estero) sweet
(
-
MU%
-
'
C' 2 - -
-
peaty ,+,
run with open Ben'Z0ilauA(s) - white Ppt
reagent
.
a- V1 : chlorobenzene white Ppt
g, g-
bottle of con NH} can
phenyl ethanoatl (s) -
↳ dense white tunes disinfectant smell
electrophile substitution phenol ,, -
crystalline solid -1
white
Alkylation
-
Nityclcg,
③ > ? CH]
2.4.6 tnibwmophe.no/csj-whiteppt-
antiseptic smell
/(
-
-
RCI ②
↑ chloride)4)
-
Acyl chlorine (ethanol
it CH]
cµ
AKI]
CINA (s) crystalline solid
-
I Amide R
Ai:-C/ I
-
HMMMM'W
-
a ⇒ at (\ → Cl -
+ → ,
1- HU (g) + A
-
,
stintytishsmelt hid
-
! Amine
temp i.
-
↓,
room
,
•
anhydrous bnolition) ,
- immiscible /it
phenylamine
, ,
c,
,
<
① A
CH} CI-
:#it } R methyl benzene tmtnednlt -
smellyfish smell
,
H C. =D
substitution
Acylation electrophilic
.
,
.
•
RCOCI
Alas
①
i
→ a-
Ii:-c , +
ÉÉ 1
→ :-, :
1-11-44) + 4-1-43
;
'
+
/
hehttorfominsp.1.ic.TT ,
i
' 1 R '
, .
.
.
Atcl} Cl
at 60%1 ,
acyl benzene
Halogenbenzene -5 Phenol Alkaline Hydrolysis 1- Acidification
Pistone .
cyclohexane + benzene ⇒ Brleag)
v1 0
-
Nat OH
CHU / Benzene - 2 immiscible layers torment utter
shaking
'+2504 )
Naoltcaql -
✗ colour
change occurs
Ht
350%-1 →
cyclohexane
- colour
change orange
→ brown
300ohm room temp _
white emulsion torn
phenol
ALCOHOL Alkenes Diol Oxidation
Formation of ethanol -
kMh04la4)
Industrial
(ethene) 4210410141 CHZCHZ
'
cHz=cHz + Hzot to] -7
1) Direct Hydration y y bit bit
I l
'
warm
11-3170419910" H
Hj=[ OH
•
H C - C -
H2O →
-
+
silica set catalyst ' '
H
I 1
H H H
•
300°C (g)
ethanol
-
60 toatm
-
2) Electrophilic addition -1 Hydrolysis lab
ethyl hydrogensulphate
② It H
-
con -42504 ①
H H ↑ it it it Hwa, I 1
H C C -
H 1- HLS
[ ¥0
' -
heat followed H C C-H
-
c- c- It → - -
µ
•
G- → _
I
by hydrolysis " ,
+
¥1050201T It OH
?-050201-1
* µ
"
◦
-050201-1 / \ ethanol
µ ,
b-
Formation of alcohols
from Halogenoalkane
-
Nucleophilic substitution Nucleophilic substitution
→ CHICHIOHICHZCH] -1 Nall Cag) Koltcay solvent )
CHSU-tclc-k.CH] 1- NaOH
.
-
Na0Hla91 -
'
warm
bnthn-2-01
roomtemp 2- chlorobutane
-
ipropanone solvent
Rednttion + Acid 1+4%4"'s 2°
carbonyl compounds secondary Alcohols
-
From ketone, →
Alcohols 1° ◦µ
Natltycaq) Aldehydes → Primary
ÉCH} CHSÉCH }
•
reducing agent °
( sodium ctbutzd-H-2.CH] → CHSCHZC OH -
at> + ZEH ] →
¥ 2- ◦ I
-
PP""
-
-
tetrnhydnidoborate ,_◦ I pwpnnone
-
propane
pwphnal OH
° -É
RhoA R
'
R
'
R R
µ
R
Reduction -1 Acid Hydrolysis
Carboxylic Acids
-
From
•
LIAIHY in dry
CHSCHZÉ -
OH -1 4TH] → CASCHZCHZ-01--1 1- H2O
ether solution
.H+
/
-
=
③ ◦
Td
(
② "
250491 19 a # -
, i
+ :O" H C - CH }
reflux → Ho c- CHS → c
→ H c- CH} →
-
[
< - -
lithium
aluminium
µ,
/ at} I
"
"
/
f- _
at} I
H
1
H
"
ethanol
:
hyaline ① -1
ELIAIH}]
-
LiAlH4→:H +
Fermentation Industrial
- Fwm sugar -
Cbltlzobiaq, -7261-1501-1 can -1210215
'
24M" )
anaerobic
ethanol
<
glucose
•
opt temp
. .
With sodium team lies thitherto the left
⇒ Position
◦
✓
Ht ↳ lower [Ht]
+ ,ag,
-
CHJCHZOHygfcltgc.HN cag,
2Ut3lHz0Hcag) -121494) Natcaq) 1- H2
-
→ 24-134+20 (g)
?⃝ ?⃝
