Summary
Summary ENS513 (ENS513) COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
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THESE NOTES ARE USEFUL FOR THE STUDENTS WHO STUDYING THE COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT. THESE POINTS MAKE THEM TO ELABORATE THEIR NOTES IN DETAIL.
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LAWS OF MATTER AND ENERGYThe earth losses some gaseous molecules to space and it gains small amounts of matter
from space mostly in the form of metallic bodies(meteoroids).
But these losses and gains of matter are minute compared to the earth's total mass.
This means that the earth has essentially all the matters it will ever have.
Over billions of years nature has developed systems for continuously recycling chemicals
back and forth between the non living environment and the living environment.
In making and using products we may change various elements and compounds from one
physical or chemical form to another.
But we neither create from nothing nor destroy to nothingness any measurable amount of
matter.
This fact based on many thousands of measurements of matter undergoing physical and
chemical changes. It is known as law of conservation of matter.
In all physical and chemical changes we can't create or destroy any of the atoms involved.
All we can do is rearrange them into different special patterns(physical changes) or
different combinations(chemical changes).
The law of conservation of matter means that there is no “away”.
Everything we think we have thrown away is still here with us in one form or another.
STUDY OF DIFFERENT FORM OF ENERGY
LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
FIRST LAW OF ENERGY
In studying millions of falling objects, physical and chemical changes, and changes of
temperature in leaving and nonliving systems.
Scientists have observed and measured energy being changed from one form to another.
This information is summarised in the law of conservation of energy.
It is also called the first law of energy or thermodynamics.
According to this scientific law, in any physical or chemical change, in any movement of
matter from one place to another.
In any change in temperature, energy is neither created nor destroyed but merely
transformed from one form to another.
In other words, the energy gained or lost by any living or nonliving system.
Any collection of matter under study.
Must equal the energy lost or gain by its surroundings or environment.
Everything outside the system.
This law means that we can never get more energy out of an energy transformation
process than we put in: Energy input always equals energy output; we cannot get
something for nothing(there is no free lunch).
SECOND LAW OF ENERGY
Because the first law of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed,
there will always be enough energy.
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