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Summary Titration steps, chemical tests and chromatography revision notes £2.99
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Summary Titration steps, chemical tests and chromatography revision notes
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Titration steps, chemical tests and chromatography notes. Essential chemistry practical facts to know with a few miscellaneous facts thrown in for good measure to help you revise :) Written by an A* student

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  • September 23, 2022
  • 3
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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Titration steps
1. All apparatus rinsed with distilled water and then with relevant solution
2. Using a pipette and pipette filler, pipette 25cm3 of NaOH into a conical flask and
touch surface of solution with tip to ensure correct quantity is transferred
3. Using a funnel, fill burette with acid and then remove funnel
4. Otherwise, some drops may fall through titration so a lower volume will be recorded
than used
5. Allow a small quantity of acid to flow through the burette to ensure jet space is filled.
Note initial reading on burette
6. If jet space not filled titre volume will be higher than volume actually added
7. Add 2-3 drops of PP no place white tile so you can see colour change better
8. Add acid from burette into conical flask swirling mixture during addition until
indicator changes colour
9. During titration rinse sides of conical flask with water to ensure all acid is in solution
10. Note reading and repeat but add acid dropwise
11. Continue repeating until at least two concordant results are obtained


Miscellaneous facts
Optical isomer = non-superimposable mirror images

Stereoisomerism = two or more compounds have the same structural formula but they differ
in the arrangement of bonds in space

H2SO4 + HNO3 to NO2+ H2SO4 + H2O

Sodium Oxide + water = Sodium hydroxide with a pH of 12-14.

Phosphorous Oxide in water gives a pH of 1-2

Molecules are a group of atoms bonded to covalent bonds

Alkaline hydrolysis is a nucleophilic addition elimination reaction

AGI contains covalent character and forces holding lattice together are actually stronger

Silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, and chlorine oxides are acidic

m/z = 31 is due to CH2OH+ ion

Standard concentration is a solution of known concentration

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