I develop this document while studying for my CPL/ATPL exams. To accomplish this I studied the Oxford Manual and did the Aviation Exam database. The information is brief and easy to read. I believe it contains all the information you will need to pass your exam. I hope you like it and can use it to...
040 00 00 00 HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
1. oldal
1. 3,512 040 01 01 01 Competence and limitations
Concerning the relation between performance and stress, which of the following
statement(s) is (are) correct?
A moderate level of stress may improve performance.
A student will learn faster and better under severe stress.
Domestic stress will not affect the pilot's performance because he is able to leave this type of
stress on the ground.
A well trained pilot is able to eleminate any kind of stress completely when he is scheduled to fly.
2. 3,513 040 01 01 01 Competence and limitations
Stress is a frequent aspect of the pilot's job. Under which of the following circumstances
does it occur?
1. Stress occurs whenever the pilot must revise his plan of action
and does not immediately have a solution
2. Stress occurs with unexperienced pilots when the situational
demands exceed their individual capabilities
3. Stress occurs if a pilot is convinced that he will not be able to
find a solution for the problem he just is confronted with
1, 2 and 3 are correct
on
Only 1 is false
1 and 2 are correct, 3 is false
r si
1 is correct, 2 and 3 are false
ve
3. 3,514 040 01 01 01 Competence and limitations
Divided attention is the ability :
1. to execute several mental activities at almost the
al
same time (i.e. when switching attention from outside the aircraft
tri
to the airspeed indicator on the instrument panel)
2. to monitor the progress of a motor programme (i.e.
flying or taxiing the airplane) on a relatively subconscious level,
ne
while making a radio call at the same time (requiring a rather
conscious level)
hi
3 .to select information and check if it is relevant to the
task in hand. At the same time no other operation can be
ac
performed.
4. to delegate tasks to the copilot while concentrating on
fM
the procedures
pd
1 and 2 are correct, 3 and 4 are false
1,2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false
1 and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 are false
Only 3 is false
, 040 00 00 00 HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
2. oldal
4. 3,515 040 01 01 01 Competence and limitations
The physiology of stress is now well known:
stress promotes an increase in physical strength rather than promoting mental oerformance
the only stress hormone is adrenaline
stress develops in 2 stages: sublimation of performance and then acceleration of heart rate and
increase in vision
stress slows down the production of sugar by the organism and thereby slows down the heart
rate
5. 3,516 040 01 01 01 Competence and limitations
An overstressed pilot may show the following symptoms:
1. mental blocks, confusion and channelized attention
2. resignation, frustration, rage
3. deterioration in motor coordination
4. high pitch voice and fast speaking
1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct
1, 2 and 3 are correct, 4 is false
1 and 2 are correct, 3 and 4 are false
on
1and 3 are correct, 2 and 4 are false
si
6. 3,462 040 01 01 02 Becoming a competent pilot
In the initial phase of flight training the relationship between confidence and expertise
r
can be described as:
ve
the pilot is competent enough to fly the aircraft at this stage, but does neither have a great deal
of confidence in his/her abilities nor in the whole system
al
the pilot is sufficiently competent to fly and knows at this stage what he can and cannot do
tri
during this learning stage, the pilot is very near to achieving full potential knowledge of the
machine
ne
the pilot has a sphere of expertise wich is reduced to daily use of his skills
hi
7. 6,859 040 01 01 02 Becoming a competent pilot
A pilot is skilled when he :
ac
-1 : trains or practises regularly
-2 : knows how to manage himself/herself
fM
-3 : possesses all the knowledge associated with his aircraft
-4 : knows how to keep resources in reserve for coping with the
pd
unexpected
1,2,4
1,2,3,4
1,2
2, 3,4
, 040 00 00 00 HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
3. oldal
8. 3,407 040 01 02 00 Accident statistics
The rate of accidents in commercial aviation (excluding sabotage and acts of terrorism) :
is approximatively 1 accident per million airport movements
has improved considerably over the last fifteen years
is a long way short of the safety level of road transport
represents about fifty accidents around the world every year
9. 3,409 040 01 02 00 Accident statistics
As a cause of accidents, the human factor
is cited in approximately 70 - 80 % of aviation accidents
has increased considerably since 1980 - the percentage of accident in which this factor has been
involved has more than tripled since this date
which is cited in current statistics, applies to the flight crew and ATC only
plays a negligible role in commercial aviation accidents. It is much more important in general
aviation
10. 4,138 040 01 02 00 Accident statistics
What airplane equipment marked a subtantial decrease in hull loss rates in the eighties?
on
GPWS
si
DME
r
ve
SSR
TCAS
al
11. 6,890 040 01 02 00 Accident statistics
tri
In civil air transport, linear accelerations (Gx):
- 1 : do not exist
- 2 : have slight physiological consequences
ne
- 3 : may, in the case of pull-out, lead to loss of consciousness
- 4 : cause sensory illusions on the pitch axis
hi
2,4
ac
1
fM
3,4
pd
3
12. 3,412 040 01 03 00 Flight safety concepts
Thinking on human reliability is changing.
Human errors are now considered as being inherent to the cognitive function of human and are
generally inescapable
Human errors can be avoided. All it takes is to be vigilant and to extend one's knowledge
The individual view of safety has gradually replaced the systemic view of safety
It is thought that it will be possible to eliminate errors in the near future
, 040 00 00 00 HUMAN PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
4. oldal
13. 4,144 040 01 03 00 Flight safety concepts
Between which components is an interface mismatch causing an error of interpretation
by using an old three-point altimeter?
Liveware - Hardware
Between which components is an interface mismatch responsible for deficiencies in
conceptual aspects of warning systems?
Liveware - Software
Liveware - Hardware
Liveware - Environment
Man possesses a system for maintaining his internal equilibrium in the face of variations
brought about by external stimulations.
This internal equilibrium is called :
Homeostasis
Heterostasis
Isothermy
Metastasis
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